0:0:0.0 --> 0:0:0.370
Philippe y Oscar
To.
0:0:0.-650 --> 0:0:6.150
Maffei, Clare J
Come to Oscar and a Phillip or Philip. I'm just gonna leave it straight to you
to.
0:0:5.120 --> 0:0:6.250
Philippe y Oscar
Speak to you.
0:0:6.880 --> 0:0:9.180
Maffei, Clare J
Actually introduced ourselves, but we're gonna do.
0:0:9.940 --> 0:0:10.140
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.
0:0:9.990 --> 0:0:10.260
Philippe y Oscar
So.
0:0:8.630 --> 0:0:13.350
Droege, Sam
You could just say Southern Hemisphere world class bumblebee experts.
0:0:14.340 --> 0:0:15.490
Philippe y Oscar
Thank you. OK.
0:0:15.430 --> 0:0:15.960
Maffei, Clare J
Go with that.
0:0:14.900 --> 0:0:17.440
Droege, Sam
And other and other things that they'll tell us about.
0:0:19.390 --> 0:0:41.720
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah. Thank you very much, Sam and Claire for the for the mutation. We are both
really happy to be here. So we're gonna start with a small presentation. Well,
I don't know if it's small, but as presentation and afterwards we're gonna do a
little taxonomy run with Philip. So, yeah, I'm gonna start with the
presentation and I'll let you guys know a little bit of ourselves.
0:0:42.650 --> 0:0:47.80
Philippe y Oscar
So please let me know if you are hearing me and if you're seeing the
presentation.
0:0:49.210 --> 0:0:49.780
Maffei, Clare J
You have you.
0:0:49.520 --> 0:0:51.370
Philippe y Oscar
It's great.
0:0:53.210 --> 0:1:18.120
Philippe y Oscar
So uh, my name is Oscar Martinez Lopez. I am actually from Guatemala, but I am
finishing my PhD here in Mexico in Ecosur. I've been working with beasts and
especially bumblebees since 2010, something like that. I sorted with taxonomy.
Then I moved a little bit to other topics like genetics, biogeography and
conservation.
0:1:20.110 --> 0:1:28.300
Philippe y Oscar
I don't like too much titles, but I am the regional coordinator from the
Bumblebee Specialist group from Miss America and I am also a Red List. That's
sort of me.
0:1:29.280 --> 0:1:41.770
Philippe y Oscar
Authority for the wall Specialist group of these. So yeah, that's a little bit
of what I have been doing and what I am finishing on. What I am part of and now
I'll let Philippe introduce himself. Hi.
0:1:41.850 --> 0:1:51.480
Philippe y Oscar
If I am Phillipe Saigon and French and I'm working here. Nico suras, curator of
the collection with Jorge Merida.
0:1:52.320 --> 0:1:54.680
Philippe y Oscar
Umm, I arrived here in.
0:1:55.670 --> 0:2:20.240
Philippe y Oscar
Let's say about 10 years ago or 12 years now, I met Remy and then I start
working here with him, so I'm going from France to Mexico regularly in about 6
months, six months. And we are here working about with, with bees, with all the
species of bees from from Miss America, principally from Mexico, but.
0:2:21.400 --> 0:2:22.620
Philippe y Oscar
I I.
0:2:23.530 --> 0:2:36.440
Philippe y Oscar
Stopped working, particularly with bumblebees, about 10 years ago, but the last
year I have not been very active in that, so it's very good this workshop
because I think I have to revive.
0:2:37.460 --> 0:2:40.740
Philippe y Oscar
All that, all that we have in collection and so.
0:2:41.460 --> 0:2:42.510
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, well, that's all.
0:2:43.730 --> 0:2:56.290
Philippe y Oscar
OK, so well, this started with this beautiful picture from a colleague of
estates right here, Jorge. He took this picture very early in the morning. This
our mails of bombs way C.
0:2:56.930 --> 0:3:2.210
Philippe y Oscar
So usually you know like males get together in the so they can sleep together
or stuff like that.
0:3:2.890 --> 0:3:4.240
Philippe y Oscar
So it's a very beautiful picture.
0:3:5.110 --> 0:3:34.840
Philippe y Oscar
And just I know maybe a lot of you do know about about bumblebees and they're,
you know, like taxonomic classification, but hopefully for other people who doesn't
know. So bumblebees are inside organic, which are shared with Glass's and ends
from the app Appid family, where there is also Carpenter bees for goobies. Then
they are within the subfamily happiness. So there's stingless bees, which are
very popular colonial around here. Honey bees and orange bees, the tribes
bombini.
0:3:35.120 --> 0:3:45.90
Philippe y Oscar
And there's like a classification that depends on who you ask. Some of them
tell that bumblebees are semi social bees. Others say that they're primitive.
Use social bees.
0:3:46.720 --> 0:3:50.740
Philippe y Oscar
I'm not gonna. I'm not gonna enter into that discussion, but basically.
0:3:51.620 --> 0:3:57.990
Philippe y Oscar
That is because part of their cycle, they are low, so the queen start, you know
after hibernating.
0:3:58.630 --> 0:4:11.800
Philippe y Oscar
They started to look for a place to sort their nest and after a few months they
start to have like a big mess with workers. And the queen only starts to just
put eggs and the workers go and do all the other stuff.
0:4:13.120 --> 0:4:18.160
Philippe y Oscar
And we've been rearing bumblebees in here, so we do know that there are.
0:4:18.790 --> 0:4:21.490
Philippe y Oscar
Couple of differences which we want to highlight right now.
0:4:22.330 --> 0:4:31.600
Philippe y Oscar
So that's why I put this, this one temperate versus tropical bees. Probably
you're familiar with the the the bumblebee from the The Simpsons, but probably
you're not that familiar with the other.
0:4:32.200 --> 0:4:53.620
Philippe y Oscar
B which is the Mayan B. It's a very common cartoon around around here. So yeah,
so you're so you're to to know little bit about that. There's a lot of
differences between different tropical peace and bumble bees. So while people
around, you know, like temperate places, North America and Europe are more.
0:4:54.370 --> 0:5:24.120
Philippe y Oscar
They know a lot, a lot about bumblebees and their annual cycles, so they're
start this this cycle with which I I was explaining to you in here, we do not
have two things. One, bumblebees in here probably don't hibernate, so they
become perennial. So we have sometimes nest that can last for two years round
not just one year. Other times we do have that some of the one of the daughters
of the initial queen.
0:5:24.690 --> 0:5:27.110
Philippe y Oscar
Comes back to the nest and.
0:5:28.520 --> 0:5:40.20
Philippe y Oscar
And it restarts that nest, right, which doesn't happen over there. So yeah,
that's that's one big difference in between the the N temperate bumblebees and
tropical bumblebees.
0:5:41.430 --> 0:6:12.10
Philippe y Oscar
Uh. Another difference that it's very interesting is that we do have low land,
tropical bumblebee. So while usually bumblebees are temperate or mountaneous,
especially in America, we also have low land from football movies. So you're in
the middle of the jungle around, I don't know, 35 Celsius degrees and you from
time to time you can see a bumblebee and you're like, what does a bumble bees
doing here? So yeah, they have done some diversification in, in Miss America
and in South America and they so we have a few species that are.
0:6:12.200 --> 0:6:12.500
Philippe y Oscar
I'm sorry.
0:6:14.150 --> 0:6:44.840
Philippe y Oscar
A question that we still do not know for certain is if tropical bumblebees lost
to the opposite, so they cannot hibernate, or is it facultative? So maybe in
another place in another you know like region, Northern probably. I don't know.
Chihuahua or something like that. But it does kind of snow or you have place.
They do do the deal close. But we still don't know that yet. So we are still in
certain and about that and other things that we do believe that are different.
0:6:44.960 --> 0:6:46.830
Philippe y Oscar
Are temperature and humidity.
0:6:47.990 --> 0:7:5.960
Philippe y Oscar
Requirements probably for a bumblebee species, but you know like like lowland
tropical speeches. They're probably very interesting and we still don't have
enough information. There's just a little bit of information for some species
in South America and it's kind of like backwards. So when when rain starts
usually.
0:7:6.780 --> 0:7:39.130
Philippe y Oscar
Most of bumblebees don't not start making colonies, but in South America, one
species that is the moment when they start to do only. So it's the other way
around, right? So what that that's one of the many probably questions that we
still do have and activity time frame. While bumblebees over there you know
like in September or October you you can probably let me know better than what
I know they start to you know like hibernate or look for places. So Harvey
Nation and here we have activity December January right now we still have
activity.
0:7:39.210 --> 0:7:46.180
Philippe y Oscar
So from Bumblebee so they never go to Harvey Nation, right? So they are still
also doing pollination all year round.
0:7:51.340 --> 0:7:52.890
Maffei, Clare J
May I ask you a question from the chat?
0:7:48.650 --> 0:7:54.0
Philippe y Oscar
Now, as I'm one of letting group, we do know something. Yeah, for sure.
0:7:56.30 --> 0:7:57.0
Philippe y Oscar
Speaking speaking.
0:7:54.570 --> 0:8:0.340
Maffei, Clare J
So Clay asked which species begin foraging at the start of the rainy season.
That's amazing.
0:7:58.580 --> 0:8:15.570
Philippe y Oscar
Easy then. Amazing. Yeah. So well, in in Miss America, all of the species. So
we have like, I don't know, like 23 or 30 species, probably all of them are
doing that. But the example that I was giving you is Bumble Transversalis. And
it's a South American speeches.
0:8:16.260 --> 0:8:22.620
Philippe y Oscar
There's a little bit of information from from it. If you want to search for it,
and it's very interesting to know that it's kind of like the other way around.
0:8:24.50 --> 0:8:24.590
Philippe y Oscar
So yeah.
0:8:27.110 --> 0:8:27.900
Philippe y Oscar
Any other question?
0:8:27.950 --> 0:8:28.580
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you.
0:8:29.770 --> 0:8:30.580
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah, no problem.
0:8:31.770 --> 0:8:41.830
Philippe y Oscar
So just like a, a general idea. Also bumblebees for it's it's a monophyletic
group. We have around 200 and 5060 or maybe 70 species. Hopefully when we
publish them.
0:8:42.890 --> 0:9:3.130
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, the problem the origin is Asia, right in the Palearctic and they probably
move to Europe and North America around 200 to 20 million years ago and then
they just keep going down. Cross means from America and down to South America
around 7 to 4,000,000 years ago based on Heinz, Heather Heinz paper.
0:9:3.890 --> 0:9:12.670
Philippe y Oscar
And you usually the in Miss America, there are montanas insects, although I
told you that there is a lot of low level tropical species. Well, not that
much, but there are like 3 or 4 species.
0:9:14.600 --> 0:9:38.580
Philippe y Oscar
But this paper, this is a new one from Williams and some clutter is Remy as
well in here which I analyze a little bit the dispersal of mountainous
grassland and lowland grassland bumblebees and what they find is a very
interesting thing. So one of the one of the hypotheses that Panama is most
close around 7,000,000 years ago. But what Williams.
0:9:39.470 --> 0:9:44.960
Philippe y Oscar
Information and data set. It's kind of telling him is that it was like
3,000,000 years ago, not 7.
0:9:45.940 --> 0:10:6.740
Philippe y Oscar
So what they are they are telling in this paper is probably the Miss America is
a place where there was a radiation of bumblebee fauna that later on moved down
to South America. So this is a very interesting thing because the other like
like radiation places, you know, like the paralytic, what we were talking right
now.
0:10:7.720 --> 0:10:15.230
Philippe y Oscar
So we have a very diverse bumblebee fauna, although we have, like you know,
like we're gonna see around 30 species.
0:10:15.970 --> 0:10:22.780
Philippe y Oscar
And you know, North America has like 45. But it's very interesting because we
are very, very mountainous, very.
0:10:22.860 --> 0:10:30.130
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, that we have a lot of barriers. I'm gonna talk a little bit about that. So
it's a very interesting place to study bumblebees as well.
0:10:33.160 --> 0:11:3.990
Philippe y Oscar
And while when when I'm going to refer to Miss America, I'm going to refer a
little bit about Mexico and Central America and these are records that we have
4 bumblebees from Mexico, Central America, we do have more. This is just a
little glimpse. The blue ones are historical records. Something before 2005 and
the red ones are actual records. Something until 2015, something like that. So
we have a little bit more of information nowadays, but this gives you a general
idea of what do we have.
0:11:4.90 --> 0:11:18.670
Philippe y Oscar
In in Miss America, where do they probably distribute so you can see the the
the mountainous areas that are very important for bumblebees in Mexico and
Guatemala, they Highlands is another place of very importance for bumblebees
and then.
0:11:19.680 --> 0:11:20.70
Philippe y Oscar
There's.
0:11:20.840 --> 0:11:50.730
Philippe y Oscar
In Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, our countries that haven't been well
surveyed, so those are places that we still do not know yet. What's the beef
owner and bumblebees as well. And Costa Rica, they have a lot of data until
2000. Then they have a few more data after 2012 and they are usually restricted
to mount mountains. Although lowland tropical species over there are very
common, while in here are.
0:11:50.830 --> 0:12:5.0
Philippe y Oscar
Like Mexico, Guatemala, there a little bit like not that common in Costa Rica.
You can find species like in lowland like at 70 or 60 meters above sea level
and there they are in there. So they are more common like low level species in
Costa Rica.
0:12:7.330 --> 0:12:18.320
Philippe y Oscar
And this is like a our think Phillipe thank you to Phillipe. This is our like
most actual general idea of what species we have in.
0:12:19.260 --> 0:12:44.310
Philippe y Oscar
Mexico and Central America, Miss America. So we're gonna basically the the
whole idea for this Class 2 is to try to to divide the species by subgenera. So
we have Bombus, bombus seterus. Peter bumbles anthracite bubbles as the
subgenera that you are going to find here in Mexico and said framework the
most.
0:12:45.90 --> 0:12:46.920
Philippe y Oscar
I guess is the right box.
0:12:48.100 --> 0:13:9.600
Philippe y Oscar
Which has 13 species, then pyro bubbles is the second one. I'm sorry. Columbus
is the second one with eight species. Then Pyrum bus with seven species. So
Pyramus is more common in North America, but in here it's more common to
reactive bombs. And then you have one species from bombs. So general and one
from side. There's S or the, you know, cuckoo, bumblebee.
0:13:13.730 --> 0:13:14.980
Philippe y Oscar
Want to add something into them?
0:13:16.30 --> 0:13:47.700
Philippe y Oscar
What you do again, too? So what with what we have done in Miss America with
bumblebees, I am not going to talk about all the works. I'm just gonna give you
like a general idea of what we have done. We have worked a little bit with
biogeography, mistaken there, taxonomy, which we're gonna talk a little bit
with Philip. So there's a lot of things more for metrics, phylogenetics,
phylogeography and ecological modeling with pollination. We have left where we
are rearing bubbles. So native bumblebee, which is is taking a lot of
importance in here because we have we.
0:13:47.800 --> 0:13:58.20
Philippe y Oscar
There's like companies in here which are really bubbles in patients. So Mexico
and Central America bubbles in patients is the one that is being used for
pollination, greenhouse services, but.
0:13:58.830 --> 0:14:4.120
Philippe y Oscar
We are trying to change that right, because bombs and patience is just, you
know, native from East North America.
0:14:5.700 --> 0:14:16.190
Philippe y Oscar
And we have done Bradley's assessments and we have a paper climate change, so
I'm going to talk a little bit about what we have done very generally speaking.
And then we're gonna enter to the taxonomy class with Phillip.
0:14:17.470 --> 0:14:28.360
Philippe y Oscar
So when it comes to their geography, this is like, this is not our work, but
this I think it's very important for you to to know because it's like general
patterns of distribution of bundle based in Mexico and Central America.
0:14:30.0 --> 0:14:49.930
Philippe y Oscar
So one of the general pattern patterns they're gonna find is the North Miss
American pattern species that represent this as bumble, sustained like Mary,
practice, cephalos and diligence. And basically it's this species are in the
what would it be? North East side of South part of Mexico and the in the
mountains.
0:14:50.900 --> 0:14:54.770
Philippe y Oscar
So this is like a general partner from North Nissan America. Then I have we
have like a red.
0:14:55.470 --> 0:14:59.700
Philippe y Oscar
The thing in there is like there is most of the one the pack.
0:15:2.240 --> 0:15:18.950
Philippe y Oscar
That has a particular name. Well, anyways, it's a barrier, so it's a beer
geographical barrier that is very important for a lot of different groups, not
just bumblebees. But in this case, bumblebees apparently are really bad at
trying to move around that barrier. So that's one very important barrier to to
you guys to know about.
0:15:19.840 --> 0:15:43.100
Philippe y Oscar
Then the other general pattern, it's the South Miss America pattern. So it's
Chiapas where we are all the way down to Guatemala and Central America, down to
Costa Rica. Then in that in that pattern, we do have two to grab
biogeographical barriers. One is the ethos of the ones back again. So a lot of species
from here cannot go up to North Mexico.
0:15:44.420 --> 0:15:57.160
Philippe y Oscar
And the Panama, it's less right, which is the other one that doesn't allow
bumblebees to go down further to South America, generally speaking, right,
because there's some species that do do do it, it's because they're loan.
0:15:58.690 --> 0:16:12.210
Philippe y Oscar
The third pattern, it's Miss American ample distribution. So it's a few species
that apparently are distributed in all of Mexico, Central America, although I
think this pattern is going not to be.
0:16:13.170 --> 0:16:32.900
Philippe y Oscar
You should take it with cautious because we are now talking about that. If
hepatitis is probably 4 species and not one as we once believe. But Marius and Mexicanos,
they are lowland species so that that's why maybe they are have an ample
distribution, although we still don't know that for sure. But this is another
of the of the general patterns for bumblebees.
0:16:33.620 --> 0:16:35.640
Philippe y Oscar
And the last one, it's Mexican mountainous.
0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:49.550
Philippe y Oscar
Basically, we have few species that are very, very restricted to to highest
parts of the mountains. So for example bombers Conti, which some of you
probably know over there we probably have.
0:16:50.290 --> 0:17:16.470
Philippe y Oscar
Is not the same species, although they look very similar because it's very
restricted to to the mountains in here. So we are talking about, I don't know,
200 and seven, 2700 meters above sea level all the way up to 4000 or 5000. They
do not move lower. So they have been isolated from the other populations over
there with you guys. So that's one of the other, the one of the other patterns
that we have here.
0:17:18.470 --> 0:17:26.380
Philippe y Oscar
And this is like the the general pattern. If you want to to check out that
paper, it's a very interesting paper. And with all the all the patterns and all
the barriers.
0:17:28.190 --> 0:17:59.20
Philippe y Oscar
And then with Michelle Duenez we, which is a PhD right now giving classes I I
don't remember in there over there in United States, but she her her PhD
dissertation was about bumpers, educators and their genetics and you know like
all the patterns that we are talking about a little bit. So that's why I was
talking to you about this species. Bombus appears with probably a complex
forest species while while it was once believed it was just one species.
0:18:0.400 --> 0:18:7.120
Philippe y Oscar
And you know her work, you can. You can see that there's a lot of barriers and
there's a lot of populations, probably.
0:18:8.200 --> 0:18:40.990
Philippe y Oscar
Divergent. So. So bumblebees apparently are really bad at moving from mountain
to other mountains here in Miss America. That's why we are finding this
diversification, this radiation and well, genetics is telling us that at the
same time so and why that? Why does that happen also, right? Like the
geographical barriers are not letting a lot of the populations move from one
place to another. So we are getting this isolations and that's why we are
finding probably 4 different species. So one of the species will be.
0:18:41.100 --> 0:18:47.330
Philippe y Oscar
Northern of the It's not Southern Water back. The other two species would be
sympatric around.
0:18:47.550 --> 0:18:57.70
Philippe y Oscar
Ma'am, mess American nuclear or Nuclear Miss America, which is Japan,
Guatemala, Honduras and the 4th species would be in Costa Rica.
0:18:58.0 --> 0:19:10.270
Philippe y Oscar
And if you see them like the color patterns and everything they do, they do
seem different, but as probably Philip's gonna tell us. And Paul Williams
usually tell us color is not usually the most reliable.
0:19:11.590 --> 0:19:14.580
Philippe y Oscar
Characteristic, but in here it does work a little bit.
0:19:16.590 --> 0:19:26.440
Philippe y Oscar
When when we're talking a little bit about conservation, so I don't know if you
guys are familiar with the IUCN relisting process, but basically you have like
the criterias and you can classify.
0:19:26.880 --> 0:19:56.330
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, be species or any other species into this classification. Basically, most
of all species are not evaluated, but when you have a data set then you can
start this evaluation process. The first process is maybe you don't have enough
data so it becomes data deficient. But if you do have adequate data then you
can give them like this classification if it's if it dependent on the criteria
that you're using it will let you know if they are less concerned. So there's
probably.
0:19:56.530 --> 0:19:58.230
Philippe y Oscar
They don't have any problem right now.
0:19:59.330 --> 0:20:9.230
Philippe y Oscar
Or if they are near threatened, so maybe one of the requisites that was needed
for it to become a in a threatening category is not, is not.
0:20:9.370 --> 0:20:9.820
Philippe y Oscar
Umm.
0:20:10.930 --> 0:20:17.530
Philippe y Oscar
It it it didn't get into that criteria but other of those criterias that were
used.
0:20:18.710 --> 0:20:29.840
Philippe y Oscar
Do were met so you cannot classify it as threatened but near threatened. If you
do have adequate data and if you do have, sorry.
0:20:31.690 --> 0:20:45.840
Philippe y Oscar
If you do have adequate data, and if you do, and if they fulfill the criteria
that you were using, then you can get speeches and vulnerable endangered or
critically endangered so.
0:20:46.520 --> 0:20:59.990
Philippe y Oscar
Then there's the other two last one classification extended in the wall and
extent, but we haven't been using those in here in America or I I don't think
there's any other bumblebee right now in those specifications. They're probably
just preaching in danger as the worst.
0:21:1.210 --> 0:21:2.80
Philippe y Oscar
Treating catch over.
0:21:3.730 --> 0:21:22.380
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, and we based a lot our work on on the work that Rich Hatfield and
collaborators did with the IUCN assessments for North American Bumbles. So
basically was it was the idea to try to see if historical records and current
records there was like a mismatch.
0:21:23.490 --> 0:21:30.620
Philippe y Oscar
Probably the distribution was like shrinking or something like that and and you
get other information to give.
0:21:31.280 --> 0:21:33.820
Philippe y Oscar
And and I guess you in Red List category.
0:21:35.90 --> 0:22:5.620
Philippe y Oscar
So we did the same thing with with the Miss American species. As you can see in
the map, we have like the records. So the blue ones are the historical records
and the red ones are the actual records. And when we have another, you can see
there's some black circles in there. There's those are like sampling effort. So
it's a raster of the sampling effort that we have done for bumblebees around
the region. So there are probably other regions better survey like the
Highlands of Wamala or the Highlands of Chiapas. And there are other regions
not that will survey.
0:22:6.470 --> 0:22:14.860
Philippe y Oscar
But we still have been in there, so Mexican transport, trans Mexican volcanic
belt or the mountains in Wahaca on the.
0:22:17.400 --> 0:22:26.840
Philippe y Oscar
And what did we find? So basically, we find that when we analyze all the
speeches and we have overlapping species with United States and Canada.
0:22:27.750 --> 0:22:37.370
Philippe y Oscar
So of the 23 species that were analyzed that we could analyze, 21 were
evaluated, and twelve of those species are threatened. So.
0:22:38.580 --> 0:22:53.610
Philippe y Oscar
If you take out into into account all the bumblebees species from Canada, north
and United States and Mexico, 20% of all of those species are in a PUC
threading matter. So you can say like that's that's a lot of species, right,
like 1/3.
0:22:54.960 --> 0:23:1.230
Philippe y Oscar
And in Mexico, we have around, uh, let me see 12. No, sorry, 357 species.
0:23:1.930 --> 0:23:6.270
Philippe y Oscar
Out of 12. So that's more than 50% of the bumblebee species in here, which are
threatened.
0:23:6.920 --> 0:23:8.460
Philippe y Oscar
So that's that's quite a lot.
0:23:10.60 --> 0:23:10.930
Philippe y Oscar
And finally.
0:23:11.90 --> 0:23:26.410
Philippe y Oscar
Uh. A little bit of the work that we've done with bundle PC here, it's also
around ecological niche modeling and climate change. So we did this models for
three different labs and for 2000 and 52,000 and 70.
0:23:27.270 --> 0:23:49.870
Philippe y Oscar
And so I presently you used like the general maps for the different species.
The red colors are places which bumblebees probably are gonna lose
distribution. The yellow ones are places where the distribution will be stable
around 2050 and green places could be potential places where bumblebees could
find still.
0:23:50.580 --> 0:23:54.430
Philippe y Oscar
Humidity and temperature variables that are like good for them.
0:23:55.750 --> 0:24:5.870
Philippe y Oscar
So as you can see, a lot of the the bumblebee speeches do lose a lot of the
distribution and they start to go up into the mountains, at least in Middle
America.
0:24:7.970 --> 0:24:8.620
Philippe y Oscar
And.
0:24:9.600 --> 0:24:18.190
Philippe y Oscar
When you let so we don't know too much about how bumblebees move around
landscape or how much do to delay this purse. So what we did, we just.
0:24:18.810 --> 0:24:39.540
Philippe y Oscar
Thought. OK, we're gonna let you know, bumblebee, that isn't Chihuahua. Go all
the way down to Costa Rica and the other way around to see what happens. And in
the other map. So that's the left one on the right one. It's a map where we are
not gonna let bumblebees move. Just what we do know of that species and where
it has been moving around million of years.
0:24:40.230 --> 0:24:50.900
Philippe y Oscar
And what we found is that if we let bumblebees from Miss America move all the
way around Mexico and Central America, we do not gain too much species, so
they're losing.
0:24:52.870 --> 0:25:11.880
Philippe y Oscar
Because we have been talking about that. So they are not good at moving too
much. So they are not gonna move to the north and they're definitely just going
to try to move to the South. But if we do have barriers that they do not let
bumblebees go to the South, they're probably just gonna stay where we they can
and move more and more into the mountains.
0:25:14.610 --> 0:25:42.820
Philippe y Oscar
And so that's what we were finding as well. So there's going to be an altitude
change. So I don't know, for example, if Bombus medius, which is a lowland
species, the the mean is around 600 meters above sea level where you can find
it in the future, you're gonna find it around 1200 meters above sea level all the
way up. So that's a 600 meters change. That's a lot. And that happens for other
bumblebee species, so low.
0:25:42.920 --> 0:25:44.130
Philippe y Oscar
What species of I'm trying to move?
0:25:45.20 --> 0:25:48.780
Philippe y Oscar
Up. But what will happen to the other species which are very?
0:25:50.30 --> 0:25:58.480
Philippe y Oscar
Where their distribution is only at the highest part of the mountains, they're
probably gonna lose all their distribution, right? Because there's no other,
no, there's no more mountain to go up.
0:26:1.180 --> 0:26:24.330
Philippe y Oscar
And this is a little bit of the what we found right. As you can see, a lot of
red colors, right. So yeah, a lot of species in there in the worst scenarios
are gonna probably lose a lot of the distribution while in the least bad
scenarios, they're gonna lose. Not that much. Maybe 7% in the case of Pompeo,
sustained ordinary in their in their worst scenarios, they're gonna go around
93%. So, yeah, that's a lot of variability.
0:26:24.980 --> 0:26:28.760
Philippe y Oscar
But that's in and it's also a big problem for bumblebees in here.
0:26:30.260 --> 0:26:51.190
Philippe y Oscar
That we did just one more analysis trying to see if how am protected natural
areas would be, how much do they cover the actual potential distribution and
the future potential distribution of bumble bee species. And right now the
protected areas don't cover too much of the of the distribution.
0:26:52.180 --> 0:27:3.720
Philippe y Oscar
But in the future, and in the worst case scenarios, a lot of the areas are
gonna cover a little bit more of the distribution, right. So maybe right now
protecting natural areas are not.
0:27:4.460 --> 0:27:22.450
Philippe y Oscar
That much into their distribution, but in the future they could be more
important, right? So that those are things that we need to be thinking around
when we talk about conservation measurements. If you all want to know a little
bit more about the art paper, this is the paper and you can just find it or you
can e-mail me and I can send it to you.
0:27:32.900 --> 0:27:33.410
Philippe y Oscar
And.
0:27:34.120 --> 0:27:34.360
Philippe y Oscar
It's.
0:27:32.490 --> 0:27:35.340
Maffei, Clare J
There are no questions in the chat so.
0:27:36.330 --> 0:27:37.350
Maffei, Clare J
I'd say move along.
0:27:38.170 --> 0:27:38.790
Philippe y Oscar
OK, cool.
0:27:39.780 --> 0:27:40.380
Philippe y Oscar
Doesn't really.
0:27:42.690 --> 0:27:43.120
Philippe y Oscar
Hey.
0:27:51.770 --> 0:27:52.220
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah.
0:27:53.210 --> 0:27:53.690
Philippe y Oscar
Really.
0:27:55.440 --> 0:27:56.800
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah, hopefully.
0:27:58.360 --> 0:28:6.920
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah, it's a little bit sad, though, that there's a lot of that. We're gonna
lose a lot of the distribution, but well, you know, it's it's it is what it is.
So we need to do what we need to do.
0:28:8.180 --> 0:28:8.890
Philippe y Oscar
So there's.
0:28:10.760 --> 0:28:11.130
Philippe y Oscar
So.
0:28:12.130 --> 0:28:13.20
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah, that's another.
0:28:8.430 --> 0:28:13.80
Maffei, Clare J
And I think a lot of us didn't know about those barriers. So that was really
cool. So yeah, we wanted to.
0:28:14.910 --> 0:28:28.160
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah. And so I also left, that's my e-mail and also left the link from our the
our group page, we well it's in Spanish, but we have a lot of information
around you know like.
0:28:29.630 --> 0:28:38.60
Philippe y Oscar
Different bees, or we have picture and we have a lot of things in there. If you
want to check it out, that too. And when we pull these things, we also upload
it in there.
0:28:39.340 --> 0:28:39.940
Philippe y Oscar
So yeah.
0:28:43.560 --> 0:28:45.600
Philippe y Oscar
Since they buy.
0:28:39.450 --> 0:28:47.160
Maffei, Clare J
I'm. I'm sorry. I'm gonna interrupt you one more time. Sam wonders. Since
colonies can last longer, are they better at regulating parasites and disease?
0:28:45.770 --> 0:28:48.560
Philippe y Oscar
If we believe we're fighting with you. Ohh wow.
0:28:49.590 --> 0:28:55.710
Philippe y Oscar
That's I have never heard that question. Salmon. And and and I don't think I'm
capable of answering that one so.
0:28:57.890 --> 0:29:8.80
Philippe y Oscar
But we have found in in in the in the while is that there are bumblebees colonies
which are infested and they're still like, OK.
0:29:8.890 --> 0:29:22.550
Philippe y Oscar
But the smaller they are, the it's more difficult for them to try to regulate
all the all the parasites. The bigger they are, you see less parasites. So,
yeah, that's one of the things we have found. I don't know if they are better
at that.
0:29:23.220 --> 0:29:29.710
Philippe y Oscar
Because of their cycle. But that's what I could answer, which is not that good,
but that's what I could answer.
0:29:32.700 --> 0:29:33.10
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah.
0:29:35.0 --> 0:29:35.340
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:29:35.820 --> 0:29:36.390
Maffei, Clare J
Thanks so much.
0:29:37.210 --> 0:29:37.700
Philippe y Oscar
Problem.
0:29:38.410 --> 0:29:40.390
Philippe y Oscar
So now we will start with Philip.
0:29:42.900 --> 0:29:43.250
Philippe y Oscar
Yes.
0:29:46.130 --> 0:29:47.360
Philippe y Oscar
So so.
0:29:48.220 --> 0:29:53.460
Philippe y Oscar
I'm sorry. So we're gonna work with the microscope with this.
0:29:54.620 --> 0:29:55.290
Philippe y Oscar
With a.
0:29:56.110 --> 0:29:59.670
Philippe y Oscar
Binocular. I don't know how you say in English microscope.
0:30:3.580 --> 0:30:9.270
Philippe y Oscar
I don't. I guess the people that are listening, they already know what is a bamboobies.
0:30:10.210 --> 0:30:14.320
Philippe y Oscar
But here in in Miss America, we have.
0:30:14.530 --> 0:30:15.620
Philippe y Oscar
UM.
0:30:16.700 --> 0:30:25.170
Philippe y Oscar
Among the calculate days, it means the all the the bees with females with
corbicula mean the the meta TVR.
0:30:25.970 --> 0:30:29.550
Philippe y Oscar
And large and like a basket to collect pollen.
0:30:30.770 --> 0:30:33.480
Philippe y Oscar
There are some species that can.
0:30:34.260 --> 0:30:39.50
Philippe y Oscar
Could be confused with the with the with the Bombus.
0:30:42.210 --> 0:30:49.120
Philippe y Oscar
Particularly in in in Elgin and indigenous Elima.
0:30:51.110 --> 0:30:56.330
Philippe y Oscar
I don't know if you can. Let's have a look at the just to show, yeah.
0:30:59.310 --> 0:31:0.80
Philippe y Oscar
Feel like much.
0:31:1.780 --> 0:31:3.110
Philippe y Oscar
Yes, OK.
0:31:5.680 --> 0:31:19.270
Philippe y Oscar
I I I can't see in my microscope just same time. See. No you can't. OK. OK. You
can see that. And then yeah. So Philip is gonna see it before, and then we're
gonna put it in the in the camera. And the series scope camera. OK. OK, put the
camera. OK.
0:31:20.990 --> 0:31:21.440
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:31:22.510 --> 0:31:22.910
Philippe y Oscar
So.
0:31:23.140 --> 0:31:24.220
Maffei, Clare J
Looks good. We can see it.
0:31:23.780 --> 0:31:25.390
Philippe y Oscar
Thank you. Here, wait.
0:31:27.910 --> 0:31:31.230
Philippe y Oscar
So if you consider that bumblebee the.
0:31:32.90 --> 0:31:45.120
Philippe y Oscar
Bees with a lot of hair and in which normally you you can't see the cuticle,
the tegument on the thorax, neither on the abdomen. So this a singular ties.
0:31:45.820 --> 0:31:49.150
Philippe y Oscar
Could be confused baby with a with a normal piece.
0:31:49.800 --> 0:31:52.30
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, because it's called with the bees.
0:31:53.190 --> 0:31:55.750
Philippe y Oscar
The main difference would say the.
0:31:56.760 --> 0:32:1.460
Philippe y Oscar
The tongue of new larima, like all the ugly signifies.
0:32:2.300 --> 0:32:5.980
Philippe y Oscar
He's very, very long, which never happened in bumblebees.
0:32:6.910 --> 0:32:10.540
Philippe y Oscar
And another character easy is that.
0:32:12.700 --> 0:32:14.800
Philippe y Oscar
Do you like math? Has no.
0:32:18.150 --> 0:32:37.260
Philippe y Oscar
No malaria mean the the, the, the, the area between the eye, the lower border,
the eye and and the and the base of mandibular is very, very short. Someone
will be that short malaria, but not as not as short and well there are other
difference.
0:32:37.600 --> 0:32:40.620
Philippe y Oscar
Umm bumblebee have the pack.
0:32:41.940 --> 0:32:52.250
Philippe y Oscar
A character not so easy to see that on the hindwing they have no trigger loves,
but it's not good for airliner because airliner.
0:32:53.330 --> 0:32:54.560
Philippe y Oscar
Has knows you get loves.
0:32:55.880 --> 0:33:12.90
Philippe y Oscar
But almost all the other bees that could be Harry here in America, like some
centuries, some some dilophosaur, some methoxyl, they have vanilla, sugar,
love, very easy to see.
0:33:12.840 --> 0:33:14.880
Philippe y Oscar
Normally they don't have malaria.
0:33:15.450 --> 0:33:26.870
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, and this area to develop develop malaria, so it's quite easy to to
recognize nobody in the in the field.
0:33:27.540 --> 0:33:33.50
Philippe y Oscar
Of course, we have only, as you have seen, we have only one species of city.
0:33:33.140 --> 0:33:35.630
Philippe y Oscar
See it side to side to try theories.
0:33:37.430 --> 0:33:50.40
Philippe y Oscar
Which has no cubically corbicula, and on the hind TV because it's parasitic
spaces, so with with territories, yes, we could have more confusion possible,
but.
0:33:52.250 --> 0:33:52.700
Philippe y Oscar
Umm.
0:33:53.590 --> 0:34:1.390
Philippe y Oscar
Not really, I don't. I don't see. I don't. I don't think there are. So so many
option to confuse.
0:34:4.670 --> 0:34:10.820
Philippe y Oscar
There is a there's no discrete or is not so so good to to separate.
0:34:11.460 --> 0:34:16.490
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, all the bumblebees are the first to marginal sell that I can show you.
0:34:17.170 --> 0:34:27.940
Philippe y Oscar
But it happens also in in in all the spaces but the first cross marginal sale
take on on the Wilma take because it's clear wing beast.
0:34:30.330 --> 0:34:30.700
Philippe y Oscar
Yes.
0:34:35.360 --> 0:34:35.700
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:34:39.140 --> 0:34:40.910
Philippe y Oscar
If I see Mariazell is crossed.
0:34:41.580 --> 0:34:42.880
Philippe y Oscar
By a small.
0:34:44.90 --> 0:34:46.260
Philippe y Oscar
Pain that goes down here.
0:34:47.610 --> 0:34:48.530
Philippe y Oscar
Uh.
0:34:49.220 --> 0:34:52.510
Philippe y Oscar
Other bees have these, but some not.
0:34:53.70 --> 0:34:53.810
Philippe y Oscar
The.
0:34:55.330 --> 0:35:14.630
Philippe y Oscar
So it can sometime help like for with desktop desktop TILA for a hotel suite
which is a genius from mountain in Mexico which could could look like a like a
a bumble bees when there is no yellow on the face, some have yellow. They're
not bumblebee, never hard.
0:35:15.440 --> 0:35:28.10
Philippe y Oscar
I'll see you a little yellow part. So uh, so we start with the bumblebees here
in Mesoamerica, we have. Can we go back to the list? Yeah.
0:35:29.610 --> 0:35:31.380
Philippe y Oscar
We have actually.
0:35:32.620 --> 0:35:35.390
Philippe y Oscar
30 potential species.
0:35:36.500 --> 0:35:41.350
Philippe y Oscar
In reality, there are we have five species which are not.
0:35:42.330 --> 0:35:43.560
Philippe y Oscar
Not yet described.
0:35:44.700 --> 0:35:45.600
Philippe y Oscar
Uh.
0:35:47.250 --> 0:35:55.370
Philippe y Oscar
And 25 species described the present in missile America with certitude.
0:35:56.290 --> 0:36:9.400
Philippe y Oscar
Ohm here. So the easiest way for us I I I believe the easiest way to determine
it. Bumblebees in Miss America due to the fact that we have only 5 subgenus.
0:36:10.470 --> 0:36:27.830
Philippe y Oscar
And not so much spaces as as as you are you having USA. I think the best way is
to start to to determinate the Subgenius of the of the bees that you you have
in hand when you when you when you catch a bumblebees.
0:36:28.680 --> 0:36:33.170
Philippe y Oscar
The the easiest for to to begin is to to to.
0:36:34.90 --> 0:36:38.760
Philippe y Oscar
To determine that the subgenus so I I propose to.
0:36:39.600 --> 0:36:40.730
Philippe y Oscar
To work on that.
0:36:41.510 --> 0:36:47.830
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, it's not so easy always, but normally not. Not too, too difficult.
0:36:49.100 --> 0:36:51.330
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, so citing rules.
0:36:52.300 --> 0:36:54.390
Philippe y Oscar
We can do it quickly.
0:36:55.310 --> 0:37:12.740
Philippe y Oscar
Uh sitarist so that we were talking about the female on the commode, determination
of male is much more difficult and we use always the genitalia to to separate
the species of bumblebees.
0:37:13.670 --> 0:37:13.970
Philippe y Oscar
It's.
0:37:15.40 --> 0:37:19.870
Philippe y Oscar
In general, it's a. It's much better and you have no no.
0:37:21.780 --> 0:37:22.270
Philippe y Oscar
Error.
0:37:23.670 --> 0:37:35.550
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, so with the female and mostly with the queen, because also worker, I'm not
so easy out sometime. But in this case, so we start with fighters.
0:37:37.590 --> 0:37:41.610
Philippe y Oscar
In Mexico, in Mesoamerica, there is only one known species.
0:37:42.290 --> 0:37:47.320
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, which is, uh, present. The the diagram that.
0:37:48.920 --> 0:37:53.170
Philippe y Oscar
That Oscar show you from the publication of.
0:37:54.610 --> 0:38:12.320
Philippe y Oscar
Is a bit wrong because variabilities does exist, but the north on the north of
the estimates of the MENTEC, but it's very, very scarce. It's not common to
encounter variabilis in chapas. It's much more common, but still not so easy
to.
0:38:12.950 --> 0:38:23.870
Philippe y Oscar
Do and content? I don't know the if in what amount, but it's never very common.
It's. Yeah, it's not so, so so easy to encounter. So there is only one species.
0:38:24.500 --> 0:38:31.880
Philippe y Oscar
Which is gongos variabilis or sometime that you can encounter in publication,
as Bombus incidents.
0:38:33.890 --> 0:38:39.520
Philippe y Oscar
So you have to look at the mess in the the Meta TV a.
0:38:40.240 --> 0:38:42.510
Philippe y Oscar
Which is not enlarged, which is not.
0:38:43.270 --> 0:38:54.730
Philippe y Oscar
Which is not concave. He's strongly convex. It's full of hair and in all of the
Subgenius this this segment is wide.
0:38:55.550 --> 0:38:57.750
Philippe y Oscar
Without hair on the disk.
0:38:58.790 --> 0:39:18.960
Philippe y Oscar
Usually quite shiny and concave, more or less than with a fringe of hair, and
each side which form a a a corbicula. So with that there there is another
particularity. I don't know if it's very easy to see in. Let's have a look in
the.
0:39:19.840 --> 0:39:22.540
Philippe y Oscar
But yes, here we can see I think.
0:39:25.990 --> 0:39:29.420
Philippe y Oscar
Four leg. Yes. OK, so we can.
0:39:30.200 --> 0:39:30.700
Philippe y Oscar
Cool.
0:39:32.580 --> 0:39:33.350
Philippe y Oscar
Do you see the?
0:39:33.430 --> 0:40:3.380
Philippe y Oscar
The the apical the terminal is here to to to to to locate to parobek to
pinpoint the you see the part. Yes, is is not always very easy to to determine
if it is anterior, posterior superior, anterior lateral and all this. All these
terminal and not always very easy to to use it to be understand. Everybody's
not using the same but.
0:40:3.600 --> 0:40:9.910
Philippe y Oscar
In this case, this is a the app. The apical part of the method, the the meta
trivia.
0:40:10.900 --> 0:40:15.70
Philippe y Oscar
And you can see here the party internal part.
0:40:15.730 --> 0:40:19.90
Philippe y Oscar
Which is with normal hair, quite dense.
0:40:20.210 --> 0:40:35.490
Philippe y Oscar
This is the particularity of of sitarist in the genus Bombus Bombus. All the
other subgenera have what is called a rustoleum that we will see we we can have
a look now really quickly. The rest of them is a.
0:40:36.300 --> 0:40:37.170
Philippe y Oscar
He's made of.
0:40:38.960 --> 0:40:39.930
Philippe y Oscar
Stout here.
0:40:41.250 --> 0:40:41.720
Philippe y Oscar
Which?
0:40:43.50 --> 0:40:46.650
Philippe y Oscar
Which one will you bring? The last number I hope.
0:40:47.780 --> 0:40:48.930
Philippe y Oscar
Quiet visible.
0:40:51.60 --> 0:40:52.110
Philippe y Oscar
Yes, OK.
0:40:53.470 --> 0:40:53.720
Philippe y Oscar
So.
0:40:52.330 --> 0:40:54.650
Maffei, Clare J
While you're moving stuff around, we have.
0:40:55.60 --> 0:40:57.50
Philippe y Oscar
I have a question.
0:40:55.930 --> 0:40:57.310
Maffei, Clare J
A question from the chat.
0:40:58.930 --> 0:40:59.440
Philippe y Oscar
Here.
0:40:58.700 --> 0:40:59.490
Maffei, Clare J
So.
0:41:0.300 --> 0:41:1.680
Philippe y Oscar
And still have the double.
0:41:0.370 --> 0:41:3.310
Maffei, Clare J
I still hear the double and I'm not sure how to address that. I'm sorry.
0:41:5.690 --> 0:41:8.260
Maffei, Clare J
So Mark is wondering if.
0:41:9.60 --> 0:41:12.970
Maffei, Clare J
If is it due to the multi year colony cycle that only one side or.
0:41:7.150 --> 0:41:13.350
Philippe y Oscar
Wondering if if is it due to move to your country cycle cycle.
0:41:14.410 --> 0:41:17.750
Philippe y Oscar
Is the fact that.
0:41:14.40 --> 0:41:19.790
Maffei, Clare J
So Thyrus is present. I would have thought that the number of Bombus species
present there would be more.
0:41:18.510 --> 0:41:20.160
Philippe y Oscar
She's more.
0:41:21.570 --> 0:41:23.840
Philippe y Oscar
OK, I'm I'm seeing the question. Let's see is it?
0:41:27.740 --> 0:41:30.920
Philippe y Oscar
OK. Ah, well, another interesting question.
0:41:33.200 --> 0:41:45.890
Philippe y Oscar
No idea. Yeah. Yeah. But that's a really good question. Yeah. So no idea. We we
we still don't know why there's only one cuckoo bumblebee species in in the
region. We still don't know why.
0:41:46.630 --> 0:41:48.410
Philippe y Oscar
We did. That's the question we have not.
0:41:49.480 --> 0:42:13.800
Philippe y Oscar
Any answer at all, so I don't know. We don't know if it that that could be an
hypothesis that that Mark is actually asking, maybe I don't know how can we
test that one, but yeah. So yeah, there's a lot of species that that I'm I'm
I'm gonna answer the other one from Sam related to the one with Mark. So Bombus
ciphers. I have seen it.
0:42:13.960 --> 0:42:17.470
Philippe y Oscar
A parrot parasiting Bumpus affairs.
0:42:18.350 --> 0:42:28.560
Philippe y Oscar
Which is a pyro. Bubbles bubbles with matter, which is another pyro bumbles.
That's what I have seen. Have you seen any other species that citizens
parallelize parallel?
0:42:28.670 --> 0:42:29.510
Philippe y Oscar
And they beauties.
0:42:29.590 --> 0:42:39.220
Philippe y Oscar
As you get, so we might know. So those 2π rumble we have, we have like
knowledge and we have seen it in the field that they are parasitizing. But I
don't know if there's any other.
0:42:40.790 --> 0:42:42.300
Philippe y Oscar
Post other host.
0:42:41.670 --> 0:42:46.60
Marissa Celine Sandoval
Are those two sisters species by chance? Just curious.
0:42:47.190 --> 0:42:47.560
Marissa Celine Sandoval
OK.
0:42:43.250 --> 0:43:1.90
Philippe y Oscar
She speeches. Just curious. Yeah, but so well before we thought that if he
Peterson will matter whether different, where sister species now with now with
after Duenas is work it it seems that will matter. It's actually a few peers.
0:43:2.730 --> 0:43:21.450
Philippe y Oscar
Just another like color variation, but there is another Saint Patrick species
which is maybe gonna be called Bob Ismaya. We still don't know. It depends on
when they finish the publication, but yeah. So it's basically the same speech.
It's just different color. But for the meantime, it's the sister speeches,
yeah.
0:43:25.750 --> 0:43:30.820
Philippe y Oscar
OK, we lost. We lost one space. Yeah. So we lost one speech and we have like 24
three.
0:43:30.890 --> 0:43:31.310
Philippe y Oscar
Especially.
0:43:31.390 --> 0:43:33.160
Philippe y Oscar
Yeah, anyways.
0:43:35.920 --> 0:43:53.740
Philippe y Oscar
No. Cool thanks to you guys. Really cool questions, difficult ones. I like
that. So back to what Philip was saying. So we were just to a little reminder,
we were seeing a sitorus and it didn't have this structure that now Philip is
going to let us know what what what we call what is called rustoleum.
0:43:54.690 --> 0:44:13.900
Philippe y Oscar
Which is common in many, many bees and but inside there is there is no and in
all other general of Bombus there is a restaurant, but well, you don't really
need the gesture detail, but your with with the with the shape of the and the
form of the meta trivia, there is no doubt you you're going to.
0:44:15.730 --> 0:44:20.260
Philippe y Oscar
Two side terrorists, whatever this brackets it values.
0:44:21.80 --> 0:44:22.180
Philippe y Oscar
Then after.
0:44:24.100 --> 0:44:25.880
Philippe y Oscar
There is one genus.
0:44:26.550 --> 0:44:32.80
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, mostly from North America is very, very rare in Mexico.
0:44:32.990 --> 0:44:35.230
Philippe y Oscar
Which is the Subgenius bombas.
0:44:37.740 --> 0:44:41.680
Philippe y Oscar
We have very, very few records from Bombas Nevadensis.
0:44:42.540 --> 0:44:44.680
Philippe y Oscar
I can show you it's.
0:44:46.870 --> 0:44:48.880
Philippe y Oscar
Quite easy to separate.
0:44:49.730 --> 0:44:54.500
Philippe y Oscar
All the bombas from yes, OK, camera post.
0:44:55.850 --> 0:44:58.120
Philippe y Oscar
Yes, I can do it. Sorry. Sorry. No, no problem.
0:45:0.790 --> 0:45:1.180
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:45:3.460 --> 0:45:6.230
Philippe y Oscar
This is a right mandible, mandibular Monday.
0:45:9.240 --> 0:45:13.230
Philippe y Oscar
In on the the upper Carina the upper.
0:45:14.640 --> 0:45:26.270
Philippe y Oscar
Carina, of the of the Monday will in Bombas stop is stops. It is not fused with
the with the apical part of the roundabout.
0:45:27.660 --> 0:45:28.590
Philippe y Oscar
And.
0:45:29.830 --> 0:45:41.460
Philippe y Oscar
This is a correct, very easy. And then with this you can you assure you you are
not in Mesoamerica in presence of any of the other subgenres either Columbus.
0:45:41.820 --> 0:45:46.240
Philippe y Oscar
I'm so excited to resolve that ohm dorico bamboo CPU.
0:45:46.330 --> 0:46:5.410
Philippe y Oscar
You want to stop. OK, so it's very easy. It's exceptional. We have, we, we have
all records. We we've been. We've been to this places to find, to try to find
again this this bumbled Bombus nevadensis and whenever could find it is.
0:46:6.150 --> 0:46:7.200
Philippe y Oscar
We don't know if it.
0:46:7.940 --> 0:46:10.410
Philippe y Oscar
Extended all, no idea but.
0:46:11.190 --> 0:46:13.280
Philippe y Oscar
Really exceptional and quite far from.
0:46:13.990 --> 0:46:16.410
Philippe y Oscar
Police North American distribution.
0:46:19.360 --> 0:46:19.990
Philippe y Oscar
Then.
0:46:21.200 --> 0:46:21.430
Philippe y Oscar
The.
0:46:21.510 --> 0:46:25.880
Philippe y Oscar
The following character is the most difficult.
0:46:27.300 --> 0:46:28.70
Philippe y Oscar
Sometime.
0:46:29.150 --> 0:46:33.360
Philippe y Oscar
But sometime very easy you have to look at the.
0:46:37.650 --> 0:46:39.20
Philippe y Oscar
And the missile TV app.
0:46:40.280 --> 0:46:45.20
Philippe y Oscar
The TV and Mediano Marian TVOTVTVO.
0:46:47.150 --> 0:46:48.990
Philippe y Oscar
On the dorsal apical.
0:46:49.920 --> 0:46:50.520
Philippe y Oscar
But.
0:47:0.460 --> 0:47:3.800
Philippe y Oscar
This will be a little difficult to.
0:47:5.670 --> 0:47:7.400
Philippe y Oscar
Right, the.
0:47:8.740 --> 0:47:9.420
Philippe y Oscar
This is.
0:47:10.370 --> 0:47:16.0
Philippe y Oscar
The dorsal part is is the control part. This is the left Mesopotamia.
0:47:17.30 --> 0:47:45.640
Philippe y Oscar
And if you see this angle here is very sharp and there is a spine. This example
is very, very typical because it's bamboo delicious in quite other Tarraco is
not so easy to see. But the idea is to look at this, this part, this
Mesopotamia because also part and with a with a pin you can go this way and if
it goes round.
0:47:46.660 --> 0:47:47.190
Philippe y Oscar
Then.
0:47:48.170 --> 0:48:0.420
Philippe y Oscar
You you know that there is no angle. If it goes like this. Now sometimes it's
there's spine is not so sharp. It's just just a an angle sharp angle.
0:48:1.80 --> 0:48:20.490
Philippe y Oscar
45 degrees or or less, but so you you you decide that there is an angle so you
go to directly to torako, Bombus, which is a most diverse in the in this
America is there is no angle.
0:48:21.410 --> 0:48:22.470
Philippe y Oscar
Then you have.
0:48:23.270 --> 0:48:24.50
Philippe y Oscar
Both option.
0:48:24.790 --> 0:48:26.920
Philippe y Oscar
Could you wanna bamboos or Piero Bombus?
0:48:31.210 --> 0:48:40.110
Philippe y Oscar
So you should be seeing then here, right? Yes, it's it's difficult to see with
the you usually you you move your.
0:48:40.820 --> 0:48:49.730
Philippe y Oscar
Your bees around and then and you you see it very well. And if you have a doubt
with a PIN, it's quite it works right? Well.
0:48:55.890 --> 0:48:58.120
Philippe y Oscar
Then once you have.
0:48:59.200 --> 0:49:0.710
Philippe y Oscar
Your torraco bongos.
0:49:4.800 --> 0:49:10.570
Philippe y Oscar
Well, let him if the applicant the apex is wrong then you have two options.
0:49:11.740 --> 0:49:13.770
Philippe y Oscar
Could no other bamboos or pura Bombus.
0:49:14.860 --> 0:49:18.590
Philippe y Oscar
It's much easier. Uh kumano. Bamboo then.
0:49:19.340 --> 0:49:19.800
Philippe y Oscar
The.
0:49:21.0 --> 0:49:23.830
Philippe y Oscar
The best way I think the best way.
0:49:24.600 --> 0:49:27.310
Philippe y Oscar
Is to have a look at the front.
0:49:33.10 --> 0:49:33.800
Philippe y Oscar
Here is.
0:49:34.780 --> 0:49:35.390
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:49:43.840 --> 0:49:44.390
Philippe y Oscar
So.
0:49:45.330 --> 0:49:46.110
Philippe y Oscar
We.
0:49:48.560 --> 0:49:50.830
Philippe y Oscar
Some literature use.
0:49:51.470 --> 0:49:53.350
Philippe y Oscar
The virtual line that is.
0:49:53.970 --> 0:50:0.30
Philippe y Oscar
That join the upper part of the compound eyes other use the virtual lines.
0:50:0.840 --> 0:50:7.60
Philippe y Oscar
That's joined the the show the shorter distance between the compound eyes.
0:50:9.820 --> 0:50:10.770
Philippe y Oscar
For the queen.
0:50:11.540 --> 0:50:12.270
Philippe y Oscar
The best.
0:50:13.170 --> 0:50:18.180
Philippe y Oscar
For me, but for the species we have in Meso America.
0:50:19.190 --> 0:50:28.520
Philippe y Oscar
If the virtual line that join the shortest distance between the companies cross
the lateral ocellus.
0:50:29.970 --> 0:50:33.40
Philippe y Oscar
Then you have a Columbiana, Bombus.
0:50:34.60 --> 0:50:36.930
Philippe y Oscar
If these virtual line is below.
0:50:38.520 --> 0:50:39.930
Philippe y Oscar
So I can show you.
0:50:40.50 --> 0:50:40.380
Philippe y Oscar
Umm.
0:50:44.620 --> 0:50:45.330
Philippe y Oscar
Another.
0:50:48.470 --> 0:50:49.860
Philippe y Oscar
The pictures for example.
0:51:1.720 --> 0:51:2.170
Philippe y Oscar
Well, it's.
0:51:10.0 --> 0:51:10.830
Philippe y Oscar
Piece of time.
0:51:12.270 --> 0:51:12.800
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:51:13.720 --> 0:51:14.340
Philippe y Oscar
We are going to.
0:51:14.490 --> 0:51:15.190
Philippe y Oscar
I just sent you.
0:51:13.730 --> 0:51:17.140
Maffei, Clare J
Yep, I was just gonna say we have a 5 minute warning.
0:51:17.70 --> 0:51:18.400
Philippe y Oscar
Warning. OK.
0:51:22.520 --> 0:51:25.220
Philippe y Oscar
Can we use a little bit more? Can we?
0:51:26.720 --> 0:51:28.670
Maffei, Clare J
We would love to have you back.
0:51:30.840 --> 0:51:31.210
Philippe y Oscar
Until.
0:51:32.850 --> 0:51:33.360
Philippe y Oscar
Alright.
0:51:33.450 --> 0:51:35.160
Philippe y Oscar
Hey, you should definitely have.
0:51:28.870 --> 0:51:36.350
Maffei, Clare J
Ah, I don't think we're gonna get through everything today, and we should
definitely have you back for a long series.
0:51:36.190 --> 0:51:38.650
Philippe y Oscar
Theories. Hi. These were two line here.
0:51:40.570 --> 0:51:43.90
Philippe y Oscar
Cross the Ontario Solus, but it's below.
0:51:44.430 --> 0:51:48.930
Philippe y Oscar
The lateral one, don't you add it. Tomorrow is come from here.
0:51:50.420 --> 0:51:50.730
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
0:51:52.890 --> 0:51:54.940
Philippe y Oscar
So the lateral solution is above.
0:51:56.280 --> 0:51:57.670
Philippe y Oscar
The criteria is that.
0:51:58.440 --> 0:52:6.480
Philippe y Oscar
When triangular oscilla or triangle was also not triangle, I would say yes or
say that triangle is.
0:52:7.570 --> 0:52:12.320
Philippe y Oscar
All the diagonal would say at the.
0:52:13.320 --> 0:52:17.860
Philippe y Oscar
The visual line between the that join, the upper part of companies.
0:52:18.890 --> 0:52:20.590
Philippe y Oscar
We all the queen, we have.
0:52:21.230 --> 0:52:42.590
Philippe y Oscar
From Columbus or Peru, Peru, bombus. They, always the the the say that triangle
is always below it works. These criteria works only with workers with with most
of the workers. So there is a very very big difference in this criteria between
workers and Queens.
0:52:43.820 --> 0:52:48.750
Philippe y Oscar
That's the problem. So to go to genera you, you better do it with the queen.
0:52:49.640 --> 0:52:57.40
Philippe y Oscar
And with the mail, because genitalia is very characteristic with the worker,
you have to be very, very careful.
0:52:58.30 --> 0:52:59.830
Philippe y Oscar
Because there are some worker.
0:53:0.970 --> 0:53:12.620
Philippe y Oscar
Particularly in Rufus Syntus the roofer synthesis from from from Mexico, which
is from very high elevation and quiet right.
0:53:15.630 --> 0:53:21.780
Philippe y Oscar
It's the the worker are not so easy to determine as as criminal. Bombus with
this criterion.
0:53:22.590 --> 0:53:25.210
Philippe y Oscar
So sometimes it's it's a it's a problem.
0:53:26.800 --> 0:53:28.830
Philippe y Oscar
Umm so.
0:53:29.570 --> 0:53:33.380
Philippe y Oscar
There is another very useful character.
0:53:34.70 --> 0:53:34.780
Philippe y Oscar
Eat the.
0:53:36.490 --> 0:53:40.870
Philippe y Oscar
The the distance one of the the relative.
0:53:41.630 --> 0:53:52.0
Philippe y Oscar
Diameter of the lateral sauce with the distance between this lateral solus and
the border of the companies in Kumano, Bombus.
0:53:53.260 --> 0:53:57.220
Philippe y Oscar
This distance with will always be less.
0:53:58.280 --> 0:54:9.520
Philippe y Oscar
Then twice the diameter of the lateral series in Peru in Peru, Bombus, the
distance between the lateral cells and the eyes.
0:54:10.620 --> 0:54:25.990
Philippe y Oscar
Is at least twice the diameter in this case. For example, we can see that you
can put 1/2 a little bit more, so it is at least twice. This is the best
character for us to to separate.
0:54:27.550 --> 0:54:30.490
Philippe y Oscar
The the subgenera with workers.
0:54:32.880 --> 0:54:34.370
Philippe y Oscar
OK so.
0:54:35.330 --> 0:54:40.760
Philippe y Oscar
So there is another criteria with the antenna.
0:54:41.870 --> 0:54:45.320
Philippe y Oscar
We'll show you this until now between.
0:54:50.130 --> 0:55:0.0
Philippe y Oscar
But we are talking about the the the 30 species or potential species we know
from Mesoamerica. All these criteria, I don't.
0:55:0.740 --> 0:55:1.420
Philippe y Oscar
Probably.
0:55:2.780 --> 0:55:7.430
Philippe y Oscar
Don't work with all the bumblebees from North America.
0:55:7.510 --> 0:55:9.0
Philippe y Oscar
But but I want.
0:55:9.490 --> 0:55:11.300
Philippe y Oscar
The total of spina.
0:55:12.350 --> 0:55:12.710
Philippe y Oscar
No.
0:55:13.580 --> 0:55:20.510
Philippe y Oscar
Digamos get I would say yes, but some are very small and one does not.
0:55:21.590 --> 0:55:41.490
Philippe y Oscar
Isn't it bad? APS Spine is a bombus digresses from from Costa Rica. OK, so,
Claire, I just asked Philip. Your question falls thorak. Obama's have spine. He
says that most of them do, but some of those spines are very small. And in the
case of bumbles egresses from Costa Rica, it doesn't have a spine.
0:55:43.70 --> 0:55:43.430
Philippe y Oscar
Umm.
0:55:44.190 --> 0:55:45.340
Maffei, Clare J
Great to know. Thanks.
0:55:45.770 --> 0:55:47.920
Philippe y Oscar
OK, OK, this is good.
0:55:48.0 --> 0:55:48.480
Philippe y Oscar
Just looking.
0:55:56.90 --> 0:55:56.730
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you.
0:55:48.590 --> 0:55:57.20
Philippe y Oscar
What can you tell me? Another house. So we're gonna finish with this antenna
characteristic, I guess. OK, what if you want? OK, thank you.
0:55:58.750 --> 0:55:59.180
Philippe y Oscar
Come on.
0:56:9.940 --> 0:56:15.460
Philippe y Oscar
This character is what we will also for pure bombos interacao.
0:56:17.580 --> 0:56:31.750
Philippe y Oscar
The Queen, the the first. This is the antenna. So this is the first the
flagella. So the first flagella Omer is shorter or as long, but normally it's
always shorter than the 2nd.
0:56:33.450 --> 0:56:37.300
Philippe y Oscar
And the third together, no.
0:56:37.530 --> 0:56:40.640
Philippe y Oscar
Just if you, if you look at.
0:56:41.600 --> 0:56:47.990
Philippe y Oscar
All the the species we have of Kulanu bombos, I will show you.
0:56:48.820 --> 0:56:50.590
Philippe y Oscar
Ombu Sawari for example.
0:56:51.470 --> 0:56:52.320
Philippe y Oscar
I hope it works.
0:57:8.800 --> 0:57:9.690
Philippe y Oscar
It's a bit long.
0:57:20.740 --> 0:57:23.830
Philippe y Oscar
The example is not very, very good in that one so.
0:57:24.540 --> 0:57:29.770
Philippe y Oscar
I would take another one because our area is just the same lengths, little bit
shorter but.
0:57:41.90 --> 0:57:42.430
Philippe y Oscar
When is practice finish?
0:57:53.640 --> 0:58:2.20
Philippe y Oscar
But I'm not convinced we we're just keep this. It's it's too bother language.
It just the same language, but we we we're gonna forget this this criteria.
0:58:3.180 --> 0:58:13.170
Philippe y Oscar
Umm, that's not the they're also lose criteria in front frontal distance. It is
the best to to separate the subgenera.
0:58:17.450 --> 0:58:20.570
Philippe y Oscar
And once you have you, you lead to the subgenera.
0:58:22.70 --> 0:58:31.340
Philippe y Oscar
We have the chance in Mexico and Mesoamerica that most of the species are very,
very how we say mono.
0:58:45.540 --> 0:58:59.820
Philippe y Oscar
Umm, uh, why? See is more difficult that why you have seen in the list that we
have Nigro, dorsalis and YC which are normally synonymous. But we we are going
we are.
0:59:4.540 --> 0:59:7.850
Philippe y Oscar
Ready to publicate the there are really different species.
0:59:8.860 --> 0:59:9.580
Philippe y Oscar
And.
0:59:11.250 --> 0:59:39.660
Philippe y Oscar
Tree dominatus and three nominations and Cela quinces are quiet stable
geographically. Since it's this year in and on the north of the Isthmus of
Taiwan. Tepec Trinoma twist at the same pattern and on the on the Taurus part
Chapas and Guatemala Ancilla Quincies has another pattern and there is no no
intermediate pattern, so really you.
0:59:40.230 --> 0:59:44.500
Philippe y Oscar
What once you are in in in subgenus is quiet.
0:59:45.200 --> 0:59:54.950
Philippe y Oscar
Quite easy to to determine some spaces. The problem in Middle America is that
we regularly find new species so.
0:59:56.650 --> 1:0:13.600
Philippe y Oscar
Go to sleep. Genius is the first step. Then you will with with with the for
example with the only works that exists really, which is LA bugle. They work
from a bug. If you use this key well you you will lead to to a species. But.
1:0:14.420 --> 1:0:14.900
Philippe y Oscar
Umm.
1:0:28.110 --> 1:0:32.470
Philippe y Oscar
That's your last year, Oriental, Sierra Oriental, Lacera Oriental.
1:0:33.180 --> 1:0:38.900
Philippe y Oscar
Uh, we found recently in new spaces when the recently 10 years ago. It's still
not publication.
1:0:40.230 --> 1:0:47.450
Philippe y Oscar
Which is common here. It's from very high elevation above 2050 to 2500.
1:0:48.280 --> 1:1:16.450
Philippe y Oscar
And and this space is a has been has been mistake with the. With Bombus voices,
there is nothing to see with Bombus wise. It's very, very close to Bombus,
Trina Manatus, but he's not, so. And there are other species like this, *******
of sales and YC, which are, which are conspecific Nigro salis, from Chihuahua
to to wahaca. And YC is from the center to to Guatemalan.
1:1:16.680 --> 1:1:33.20
Philippe y Oscar
Because Eric Massa Costa Rica, yes. But they are, they are. They have a region
in the center of Mexico which overlap and you can meet both places together on
the same floor. It's it's common in Mexico, Mexico state or or which state.
1:1:34.550 --> 1:1:46.320
Philippe y Oscar
There was a state on the model close to Mexico. They I mean, I can't wait on
the Mexican mechanical. Yeah, sure. And and the difference are not acquired
subtil, but if you.
1:1:47.300 --> 1:1:51.190
Philippe y Oscar
If you if you extract the genitalia.
1:1:52.10 --> 1:2:12.140
Philippe y Oscar
And the light eats evident, there is nothing to see between Nero, dorsalis and
YC. They are really very, very, very different genitalia. So there is no doubt.
And we have made since we found that the the technical analysis for scale is
working on that and it's the same now.
1:2:16.430 --> 1:2:16.860
Maffei, Clare J
I.
1:2:18.500 --> 1:2:19.910
Maffei, Clare J
Hey friends.
1:2:12.910 --> 1:2:21.60
Philippe y Oscar
Completely, completely separated. You. You, you. You have nothing to present
the no, no. You shop for the next slide. Yeah, for sure.
1:2:23.310 --> 1:2:24.300
Philippe y Oscar
OK. Thank you.
1:2:24.380 --> 1:2:25.540
Philippe y Oscar
It's absolutely.
1:2:26.870 --> 1:2:29.180
Philippe y Oscar
Use per child in this.
1:2:22.380 --> 1:2:29.990
Maffei, Clare J
I just wanna say thank you so much. This was we have a lot of thanks to use
from the chat of addressing this new region for us.
1:2:31.70 --> 1:2:31.540
Philippe y Oscar
Uh.
1:2:31.950 --> 1:2:34.600
Maffei, Clare J
We would obviously really love to have you back.
1:2:36.400 --> 1:2:41.820
Philippe y Oscar
You have to leave you trying. I'm just on the recording, OK?
1:2:41.890 --> 1:2:42.250
Philippe y Oscar
OK.
1:2:42.960 --> 1:2:44.150
Philippe y Oscar
Let's just say.
1:2:46.840 --> 1:2:47.250
Philippe y Oscar
Speaking.
1:2:47.330 --> 1:2:47.760
Philippe y Oscar
I think.
1:2:42.610 --> 1:2:48.670
Maffei, Clare J
So if you all want to stay on, I'll leave the room open and I'll be emailing
you about when we can bring you back.
1:2:49.400 --> 1:2:49.950
Philippe y Oscar
Sure.
1:2:49.620 --> 1:2:50.780
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
1:2:51.990 --> 1:2:53.0
Philippe y Oscar
This is this is.