0:0:0.0 --> 0:0:10.330
Maffei, Clare J
We would like to welcome Jamie Strange from Ohio State University to come and
show us the Rocky Mountain Prairie bumblebees.
0:0:11.20 --> 0:0:16.570
Maffei, Clare J
You will introduce himself more from that. My only announcement for really the
big good of the group.
0:0:17.900 --> 0:0:26.390
Maffei, Clare J
Is that we are not having a session next week, so all eyes on Jamie, he's
really great. He's here for us.
0:0:27.110 --> 0:0:28.80
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you so much.
0:0:29.20 --> 0:0:29.860
Maffei, Clare J
Now it's your show.
0:0:31.530 --> 0:0:34.30
Strange, Jamie
All right. Well, thanks, Claire. I appreciate it.
0:0:34.430 --> 0:1:1.680
Strange, Jamie
Umm, so I'll just let you all know. So yeah, I am at Ohio State University now.
I however spent 13 years at Logan UT at the USDA B lab there working on
bumblebees. And I will just head this saw a bunch of names here that were at
the native be monitoring network talk yesterday about text, the taxonomic
impediment and ID's.
0:1:2.340 --> 0:1:27.410
Strange, Jamie
Umm. And so just thinking about that and one of the round of questions that
came up and that was are you a taxonomist and I don't do not self identify as a
taxonomist, but I do I did a lot of bumblebees and John Koch, former Steve
Domain was out at USC and now he and I and Paul Williams did a guide to the
bumblebees of the West 10 years ago.
0:1:28.70 --> 0:1:35.480
Strange, Jamie
13 years ago now, something like that. That was a good guide. It's mostly based
on color characters, so.
0:1:38.40 --> 0:1:52.350
Strange, Jamie
But there's some other things I think that that are useful. So I'm gonna focus
on these intermountain W bees, ones that we had out in Utah. I'll go through, I
think probably a couple of the near. The tricky part is that I think people get
wrong a lot.
0:1:52.550 --> 0:1:59.700
Strange, Jamie
Umm, sometimes I get wrong a lot and some of the characters that kind of help
me pull those apart.
0:2:0.160 --> 0:2:11.100
Strange, Jamie
Uh, so if there's, you know, if if you come up with questions along the way,
feel free to ask. I'll do my best to to navigate this technology and and make
it work. But.
0:2:12.700 --> 0:2:16.410
Strange, Jamie
Without further ado, I'm gonna put some bees on the screen because that's why
you're here.
0:2:17.150 --> 0:2:38.250
Maffei, Clare J
I am actually gonna pop in really quick because we did have a lot of people
kind of trickle in. So if we have a bunch of new people, which I think we
might, I just want to let you know the chat is open. I will be interrupting
Jamie and or Sam, if he's talking when you have questions. So put them in here.
I'll also put my e-mail in the chat if.
0:2:39.70 --> 0:2:41.210
Maffei, Clare J
That's a better forum for you.
0:2:41.940 --> 0:2:46.530
Maffei, Clare J
But this is a participatory thing. So please, please talk.
0:2:47.800 --> 0:2:52.540
Strange, Jamie
I I think you can see the you can see me and the bees now on the green shirt.
0:2:51.810 --> 0:2:53.500
Maffei, Clare J
We can the green screens working.
0:2:54.350 --> 0:3:26.380
Strange, Jamie
Getting a nod from Liam, who's across the room from me saying yes. Yes, it
works. OK so so. So this little critter right here. This is. I'm gonna start
with the easiest B in the universe. This is bombas rufo Sanctus. That was a
joke. Most of you probably have tried to identify bees here like this is the
worst one. I actually think it's not as bad as most people get hung up on it
because they're trying to to put it into the you see it and you get an idea,
like, oh, this is gonna be that. And then when you try to keep it out, it
doesn't quite fit.
0:3:26.710 --> 0:3:50.960
Strange, Jamie
Umm, but it's a it is an interesting one and that I think it it can create
probably the most confusion among bees, and this is a useful one too, cause
it's of course found really from the Atlantic to the Pacific in various spots
and in my experience is that it's really patchy on the landscape. So you get
into areas where there's a lot of them and then other places where you don't
see them at all.
0:3:52.560 --> 0:4:12.210
Strange, Jamie
Among Western bees, one of the great things about this one is that it has this
sort of classic black pile on the face. There's really very sometimes you get a
little bit of yellow intermixed, but generally it's got a black face. And the
thing that separates it from a lot of the western bees, which typically have a
lot of yellow on the face.
0:4:13.870 --> 0:4:22.760
Strange, Jamie
Is that it? Has this really short mail our space and I'm going to talk about
the mail, our space and what this means. So when we you'll notice in keys a lot
that they'll say.
0:4:22.900 --> 0:4:48.150
Strange, Jamie
I mean our space is shorter than wide or that it's longer than wide and that's
typically where we separate or sometimes they'll say you know key to be there
that they're equal or use a great term like subequal, which just I think means
equal or maybe a little shorter than equal. So it. So what we're really talking
about is this distance between the bottom of the compound eye.
0:4:49.140 --> 0:4:56.490
Strange, Jamie
And the the end of the mandible or were the mandible begins that that joint of
the mandible begins, right? So.
0:4:57.550 --> 0:5:6.860
Strange, Jamie
This little area here, that's the length from the eye down and then the width
is from here the from where the width of where that mandible junction is.
0:5:8.380 --> 0:5:13.730
Strange, Jamie
To hear. So you're gonna look at it under the skin if you're gonna see that,
you'll have a.
0:5:14.670 --> 0:5:15.940
Strange, Jamie
That there'll be a distinct.
0:5:16.980 --> 0:5:31.190
Strange, Jamie
Spot right about here, which is the where the mandible joins and then up to
about here. So that's the width and this is like now Bombas Rufus sync this. They're
conveniently very short. So relative to this length.
0:5:32.70 --> 0:5:36.760
Strange, Jamie
This this link this much shorter than the width of of the Mailer space now.
0:5:37.340 --> 0:5:38.990
Strange, Jamie
Umm if there.
0:5:40.270 --> 0:5:40.510
Strange, Jamie
Sure.
0:5:38.50 --> 0:5:41.420
Maffei, Clare J
Hey, I'm gonna interrupt you for a second. We have a request from the chat,
but.
0:5:43.380 --> 0:5:48.810
Maffei, Clare J
That you use a mouse to show us the dimensions? I think not everyone is seeing
the green screen effect.
0:5:49.610 --> 0:5:52.730
Strange, Jamie
All right. So, well, can you see the mouse when I'm doing it here or is this?
0:5:53.410 --> 0:5:54.140
Strange, Jamie
Are you seeing that?
0:5:53.860 --> 0:5:55.240
Maffei, Clare J
I'm not seeing that mouse.
0:5:56.240 --> 0:5:56.630
Strange, Jamie
No.
0:5:55.960 --> 0:5:58.600
Maffei, Clare J
I don't think we tried to use the mouse when you were doing that, there we go.
0:5:58.360 --> 0:5:59.360
Strange, Jamie
Oh wait.
0:6:9.490 --> 0:6:10.440
Maffei, Clare J
That's very confusing.
0:6:0.460 --> 0:6:13.40
Strange, Jamie
The mouse. That's really odd. OK, here you go. I was trying to use the mouse
there, and I was on the wrong. I have two images in my screen, so I'm really sorry.
So looking. So we're talking about here's the bottom of the compound eye.
0:6:15.790 --> 0:6:16.180
Strange, Jamie
Here.
0:6:13.730 --> 0:6:16.240
Maffei, Clare J
Now it's working. We have confirmation. Thank you.
0:6:16.870 --> 0:6:20.500
Strange, Jamie
Here is the end of where that mandible joins.
0:6:21.840 --> 0:6:31.790
Strange, Jamie
OK. Umm so this is the width from here to here and then the length is from the
bottom of the compound eye to essentially a straight line between these two.
0:6:32.730 --> 0:6:34.370
Strange, Jamie
Corners of where that mandible joints.
0:6:35.230 --> 0:6:44.260
Strange, Jamie
OK, so this is relatively short compared to that and I'm I'm gonna. So those of
you who are like what does relatively short mean I'm gonna show you an example.
0:6:45.280 --> 0:6:47.750
Strange, Jamie
Of this next critter.
0:6:48.270 --> 0:6:49.610
Strange, Jamie
Uh, I can find it.
0:6:58.720 --> 0:7:0.560
Strange, Jamie
It's hard to do on a screen, so excite.
0:7:2.180 --> 0:7:2.750
Strange, Jamie
Yeah.
0:7:3.110 --> 0:7:6.130
Maffei, Clare J
No shame. That's what we do every week. We're patient.
0:7:12.510 --> 0:7:13.240
Strange, Jamie
Right, this is.
0:7:15.740 --> 0:7:17.410
Strange, Jamie
This is bombas furvus.
0:7:22.210 --> 0:7:28.530
Strange, Jamie
There you go. Uh, this is bombas Fergus. And so you'll notice that here's the
here's where that mandible junction is. It's right there.
0:7:30.930 --> 0:7:31.380
Strange, Jamie
So it's.
0:7:32.420 --> 0:7:48.200
Strange, Jamie
Fairly narrow compared to this distance. This is a very large distance, so
Bombus servitus is in the subgenus Thrackle, Bombus. These are all
characterized by having relatively long faces that long mail our space, so
this.
0:7:48.900 --> 0:8:15.220
Strange, Jamie
Much longer than it is broad, and that's just to give you that contrast. A lot
of the bumblebees, especially in the subgenus Pure Bombas a lot of the western
bees are going to have or essentially a square Mailer space. So the length and
the width are gonna be about the same. But for these Ruffo synthesis is easy in
that it is always short. Sometimes it almost looks like there's no distance
between that compound eye and where the mandible begins. So.
0:8:15.620 --> 0:8:29.470
Strange, Jamie
Umm, so that's it's a nice one to separate as long as we're on this one right
here, which is the bombas servitus, I'll point out again that there's a lot of
black hair on the face. There's not a lot of yellow there and turn it a little
bit to.
0:8:32.580 --> 0:8:32.810
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.
0:8:30.400 --> 0:8:35.150
Strange, Jamie
You can see, especially between the eyes we got, we got a little bit of.
0:8:37.180 --> 0:8:39.530
Strange, Jamie
That a little bit of yellow, some of which is mostly.
0:8:41.670 --> 0:8:49.920
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, but but generally when you look at that, the, uh, not under microscope,
that face is very black. And we'll look at some coming up that are distinctly
yellow.
0:8:50.320 --> 0:8:51.470
Strange, Jamie
Umm so.
0:8:53.210 --> 0:9:0.620
Strange, Jamie
Uh, so that's just to give you that Miller space and I just wanted to, I don't
know what I just did there. OK, let's see. Let's go back to this area.
0:9:2.350 --> 0:9:9.580
Strange, Jamie
Yeah. Get that mail or space, just to show you like that. What wrong is? And
what short is? And a lot of things are gonna sort of fall in the middle so.
0:9:10.460 --> 0:9:15.470
Strange, Jamie
With that in mind, I'm gonna start. I'm just gonna approach this by taking some
of the more.
0:9:16.630 --> 0:9:31.0
Strange, Jamie
Again, the Siri either pairs or groups that are ones that are easiest to kind
of pull apart in my mind, or that are difficult to pull apart in my mind and
give you some of the tips on how I do that and the characters I'm looking at again.
0:9:31.800 --> 0:9:36.320
Strange, Jamie
Uh, feel free to type in questions and and Claire can ask them of me as we go.
0:9:37.360 --> 0:9:53.50
Strange, Jamie
I'm gonna start with a group that I typically think of as. It's definitely an
intermountain group. Most of these occur generally at lower elevations in the
Intermountain West, so they're not ones that we're going up in the mountains.
But a couple of them will occasionally pop up at higher elevation.
0:9:54.150 --> 0:10:14.560
Strange, Jamie
And and and I I bring elevation up because having worked in the West for years,
elevations really determinant of the kind of species you're gonna run into. So
communities at high elevation tend to separate out from communities at low
elevation. There are some species that will go across those elevational
gradients and you'll find them at the top of the mountain and at the bottom.
But.
0:10:29.30 --> 0:10:29.440
Maffei, Clare J
Umm.
0:10:15.500 --> 0:10:29.850
Strange, Jamie
But in general, elevations useful as a way to kind of separate out some
species, at least to start you on the right direction. So we've got bombas
servitus up bombas. Servetus is again it's a species is found.
0:10:30.580 --> 0:10:35.70
Maffei, Clare J
I mean interrupt you one more time as we move into this section of bees, I
think that.
0:10:35.760 --> 0:10:45.10
Maffei, Clare J
While we were in the Green Spring attempt, it was great to have your image on
this side. But while we were practicing before, we also had you positioned on
the other side of the screen. Do you think you can make that change?
0:10:46.630 --> 0:10:48.550
Maffei, Clare J
Because we're now. Yep. There we go. Thank you.
0:10:48.20 --> 0:10:49.750
Strange, Jamie
Just change this change OK.
0:10:49.350 --> 0:10:51.540
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah. So we can see we're good. Thanks.
0:10:52.210 --> 0:11:5.940
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, I'm gonna have to do a few adjustments too, because I gotta adjust the
camera so that we're gonna be able to see more of the whole B as we go through
this. So they'll be bear with me for a moment, folks. I'm gonna talk through
these, but I need to do some swapping out here.
0:11:7.730 --> 0:11:19.580
Strange, Jamie
And we'll jump into this group that includes really 44 species. I'm gonna talk
about Bombas Purvis. Another one, Bombus californicus. Now, if you are.
0:11:20.180 --> 0:11:23.930
Strange, Jamie
Following this guide, I don't know if you can see this is the.
0:11:25.190 --> 0:11:27.390
Strange, Jamie
Paul Williams, Sheila colla.
0:11:28.170 --> 0:11:39.20
Strange, Jamie
Robin Thorpe leave Richardson, uh. Bumblebees of North America. It's there's a
a great key in the back to all the bees of North America. Bumble bees of North
America. So it's it is a very useful.
0:11:40.680 --> 0:11:43.610
Strange, Jamie
Guide and then a good key in there with some photos.
0:11:44.970 --> 0:12:6.900
Strange, Jamie
Paul doesn't split out in this bombast furvus in californicus I'm going to
consider them two species here and and give you my ID tips on those. I think
there's still a pretty open debate as to whether those should be considered
separate species or not. In the guide that Don Cox and I did with Poly and we
didn't consider them separate species. So.
0:12:8.540 --> 0:12:10.300
Strange, Jamie
For whatever that's worth, uh.
0:12:11.100 --> 0:12:14.260
Strange, Jamie
So let me adjust my my.
0:12:14.940 --> 0:12:16.880
Strange, Jamie
Microscope a little here and then.
0:13:24.170 --> 0:13:33.920
Strange, Jamie
Alright, so this is bomb. This furvus and I'll, I'll, I'll try to move it
around a little bit more in a moment. I get a big water pollen there and our
our view maybe if I flip her over.
0:13:34.670 --> 0:13:35.750
Strange, Jamie
Should be easier to see.
0:13:36.990 --> 0:13:37.440
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:13:43.840 --> 0:13:44.560
Strange, Jamie
Still teasing?
0:13:59.700 --> 0:14:2.70
Strange, Jamie
Sorry, take me a little bit to figure this out.
0:14:27.910 --> 0:14:32.840
Strange, Jamie
All right. There we go. So these are, this is a group of bees which are are pretty
yellow.
0:14:33.240 --> 0:14:49.850
Strange, Jamie
Umm, the ones that we're going to talk about coming up here. So this is bombas
servitus. You'll notice you know the way that bumblebees are frequently
identified as through color. And I think that's one of the things where people
get misled frequently, they begin to rely on color.
0:14:51.170 --> 0:15:3.440
Strange, Jamie
And and then neglect to check other characters and so that could be a problem
if you're just simply doing site IDs in the field and sort of catch and release
IDs.
0:15:5.370 --> 0:15:25.600
Strange, Jamie
So uh, it is good to to uh, look at other characters. One of the main
characters that sort of separates on bombast furvus and this group of bees
thrackle bambis out again, I mentioned that long malar space, another character
which is right here on the middle base at Tarsus is this spine.
0:15:26.110 --> 0:15:42.840
Strange, Jamie
Umm, that will come out. So this is your basic tarsus and there's this fine
that that is found here and this will actually be if you zoom in you can get. I
don't think we're I'm not going to try it now because you can see how much I'm
struggling with just getting things into focus.
0:15:43.300 --> 0:15:50.720
Strange, Jamie
Umm, but right where that cursor is there, there's actually a spine here that
that pops out. Then that's distinctive of the rack. Obama's.
0:15:51.270 --> 0:16:20.910
Strange, Jamie
Umm, a couple of the other species that this could be potentially confused
with, like Nevadensis or Morrison. I those won't have as pronounced as spine.
So instead of being a really distinct point that comes out, they'll be more of
a 90 degree angle. It may even be a little bit more than or rather a little
less than 90 that angle, but it won't be a distinct spine that comes out this,
it's a character that's good, it's diagnostic.
0:16:20.990 --> 0:16:38.560
Strange, Jamie
It is often very hard to see under the scope, so it's one of those that you
wanna have other supporting evidence for, such as this. The length of this
mail, our space you look for this spine here. If you've got the spine and the
Mailer space, then you're in the right subgenus.
0:16:40.460 --> 0:16:49.710
Strange, Jamie
You'll notice that this bee is has a lot of yellow pile on it. It's it's kind
of a bright can often be a very bright yellow color generally.
0:16:52.590 --> 0:16:56.120
Strange, Jamie
You'll also see that the abdomen is predominantly yellow, so really.
0:16:57.420 --> 0:17:7.650
Strange, Jamie
You know T1 through tergite one through the uh the 4th tergite are all gonna be
yellow and all be black at the end. Down here the little tail will be black.
0:17:8.170 --> 0:17:25.690
Strange, Jamie
Umm. So yellow on top the bottom the the the the sternum will be will be
blacked as well, so there's not yellow the whole way around, but on the dorsal
side it's gonna be a pretty yellow looking bee. Sort of classic bumble bee
color. If I could do this, we might be able to see.
0:17:26.690 --> 0:17:27.210
Strange, Jamie
Here.
0:17:30.380 --> 0:17:31.0
Strange, Jamie
This.
0:17:35.260 --> 0:17:39.170
Strange, Jamie
One of the things I'm bombas Purvis, that's kind of nice is that.
0:17:41.530 --> 0:17:49.650
Strange, Jamie
Usually it has and you can sort of see here that pins a little bit in the way,
but there's generally this black stripe that occurs.
0:17:50.670 --> 0:18:12.940
Strange, Jamie
Between the wing bases, so this uh this inter tegular band of black pile,
there's clearly some yellow intermixed here that you can see it actually to my
naked eye. I'm not on the the camera looks much blacker than it does from where
you're sitting, but that's a good character for Avitus neither.
0:18:13.800 --> 0:18:23.190
Strange, Jamie
Evidence is nor Morse and I has that band, and I'll show you what. What they're
authorities look like in a moment. So you can have a contrast there.
0:18:24.310 --> 0:18:26.640
Strange, Jamie
But good, solid black band.
0:18:30.170 --> 0:18:32.740
Strange, Jamie
They get nevadensis queued up here for you.
0:18:37.650 --> 0:18:40.420
Strange, Jamie
And Morris and I coming up in a second, so.
0:18:41.610 --> 0:18:46.400
Strange, Jamie
It's gonna rotate this and next coming into view should be nevadensis.
0:18:50.130 --> 0:18:52.320
Strange, Jamie
So on the back of the thorax here.
0:18:54.930 --> 0:19:3.270
Strange, Jamie
What you'll note is that there's this black spot, so instead of it being a band
that reaches the whole way out to the wing bases, you're gonna have this black
spot.
0:19:5.50 --> 0:19:7.180
Strange, Jamie
So this is Bombus nevadensis once again.
0:19:9.170 --> 0:19:14.320
Strange, Jamie
Yellow around right here, around the wing bases, and then for further contrast.
0:19:20.790 --> 0:19:21.520
Strange, Jamie
This.
0:19:24.90 --> 0:19:25.400
Strange, Jamie
Is bombus morrisoni.
0:19:26.680 --> 0:19:56.680
Strange, Jamie
Umm, so couple things. Bonus Morrison. I almost always fully yellow. Now of
course an age specimen may have some of that hair worn off, so that's that's
where you you need to be cognizant that there are other characters to identify
with just because it's a black spot in the back doesn't make it evidences, but
that's a good. If you do see the full yellow pile, that's a good indication
that it's evidence or sorry. Morris and I at the same time, these are all gonna
have predominantly black faces.
0:19:56.970 --> 0:20:25.460
Strange, Jamie
The longest mail our space of the these three species is gonna be pervious.
It's gonna have the longest. The next will be nevadensis and then the shortest
will be Morrison. I of these three, Morris and I will also lack any point on
the on that Midleg based Tarsis. So there's several good characters. These are
the ones that look for that the the middle leg based Tarsis coming to a point
that's gonna be.
0:20:26.620 --> 0:20:27.170
Strange, Jamie
Previous.
0:20:28.650 --> 0:20:37.350
Strange, Jamie
The length of the Mailer space, again, the longest will be uh perviness. The
shortest will be more Sinai in this group.
0:20:38.200 --> 0:20:39.240
Strange, Jamie
And.
0:20:40.900 --> 0:20:45.910
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, I I'll, I'll leave that there cause I think those are probably the best
characters in the least confusing.
0:20:47.930 --> 0:20:57.660
Strange, Jamie
But there are suited characters that can separate these three out. I'm gonna go
back to service, and I'm gonna talk a little bit about furvus versus
californicus.
0:21:0.250 --> 0:21:5.190
Strange, Jamie
Unless there's a specific question about either Morris and I, uh or evidences.
0:21:7.210 --> 0:21:8.300
Strange, Jamie
I don't think these ones are.
0:21:7.540 --> 0:21:9.910
Maffei, Clare J
Umm, there's a question in the chat.
0:21:9.890 --> 0:21:10.170
Strange, Jamie
Sure.
0:21:11.520 --> 0:21:16.820
Maffei, Clare J
They say repeat the spine, but I'm not entirely sure if they wanna. Do you
wanna elaborate on that?
0:21:17.650 --> 0:21:18.530
Strange, Jamie
You want. They wanna see?
0:21:17.800 --> 0:21:18.640
Maffei, Clare J
You can unmute.
0:21:19.850 --> 0:21:24.100
Maffei, Clare J
I was gonna. I was. I was asking the the asker if they wanted to unmute and say
more.
0:21:31.170 --> 0:21:35.240
Maffei, Clare J
So I don't know, but you could repeat what you said about the spines.
0:21:36.850 --> 0:21:37.960
Strange, Jamie
Alright so.
0:21:38.590 --> 0:21:44.480
Strange, Jamie
Umm yeah, I'm talking about this may not be directly related to the question.
0:21:45.230 --> 0:21:47.260
Strange, Jamie
But just to remind everyone.
0:21:48.30 --> 0:21:49.420
Strange, Jamie
That we're looking at.
0:21:49.440 --> 0:21:53.510
Droege, Sam
You. I'm looking at the chat and they added which one had a spine?
0:21:54.740 --> 0:21:55.190
Droege, Sam
I think.
0:21:54.50 --> 0:22:6.590
Strange, Jamie
OK. Yeah, so here's here's our midleg base to Tarsis. Here's the we're looking
at this little spot here and the the spine is on bombas servitus.
0:22:7.470 --> 0:22:11.980
Strange, Jamie
And also Bombus californicus, which I'm going to get to next. Those both have a
a spine.
0:22:13.510 --> 0:22:25.370
Strange, Jamie
Nevadensis, you're gonna have an angle which is going to be just slightly less
than 90 degrees, but you won't have a a distinct spine there. And then Morris
and I, even less of an angle.
0:22:33.470 --> 0:22:36.220
Strange, Jamie
So service in California is gonna have a spine.
0:22:39.550 --> 0:22:49.730
Strange, Jamie
The distinction between Fergus and California is really comes down as far as we
know at this point to pile color. We don't have other good morphological
characters. So I'm doing a throw up.
0:22:51.90 --> 0:23:10.760
Strange, Jamie
Morse or a sorry. A California is here and I'll put up a couple. Show you a few
so you can see the range of variation that occurs in this species. Because I
think that's where a lot of the confusion comes from. It's not always a simple
beat to identify.
0:23:12.360 --> 0:23:14.390
Strange, Jamie
And it can. It can look like a lot of different.
0:23:15.450 --> 0:23:17.640
Strange, Jamie
Well, can look like Fergus for sure.
0:23:19.320 --> 0:23:23.10
Strange, Jamie
But it could definitely be confusing, so let me get that one over here.
0:23:22.540 --> 0:23:34.560
Maffei, Clare J
Speaking of ranges, just as you as you go through, we would love to know more
about the geographic ranges of californicus and pervious out West. And just in
general, when you bring up new species.
0:23:35.840 --> 0:23:39.450
Strange, Jamie
Sure. So I'll, I'll go back to this first three I I mentioned.
0:23:40.570 --> 0:23:50.280
Strange, Jamie
Nevadensis is really it's gonna be West in the in the just east of the Rocky
Mountains to the West Coast. So we'll find it kind of throughout.
0:23:51.240 --> 0:23:54.700
Strange, Jamie
Uh, throughout the Mountain West and.
0:23:56.540 --> 0:24:3.610
Strange, Jamie
It's some point. It's it's a sister species to Bombus, or commas or or
ridiculous, depending on how.
0:24:4.790 --> 0:24:6.100
Strange, Jamie
Latin is actually pronounced.
0:24:6.520 --> 0:24:7.20
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:24:8.180 --> 0:24:9.160
Strange, Jamie
It uh.
0:24:10.130 --> 0:24:17.400
Strange, Jamie
And so so, yeah, no evidence this will be basically Rocky as West and you see
him on the Front Range in Colorado and and such as well.
0:24:17.830 --> 0:24:18.260
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:24:19.790 --> 0:24:33.720
Strange, Jamie
Furvus again it's goes coast to coast. Really in the in the continental US. So
you'll you'll find it and I would say probably more. I don't wanna say more
common in the northern half of the United States than the southern.
0:24:35.790 --> 0:24:40.800
Strange, Jamie
But certainly I wouldn't rule it out in in most places and then.
0:24:42.60 --> 0:24:59.510
Strange, Jamie
What was the last one? Ohh Morse, Morse. Nice. Really. I'd say pretty much
restricted to the basins of the inner Mountain West. So I know there's some
records in California, but it's a fairly I don't wanna say common, but it's if
you're going to run into it, you're gonna run into it in.
0:25:0.810 --> 0:25:1.900
Strange, Jamie
The Great Basin.
0:25:2.60 --> 0:25:5.110
Strange, Jamie
Uh, Wyoming basin. Uh.
0:25:6.500 --> 0:25:7.310
Strange, Jamie
Columbia.
0:25:8.60 --> 0:25:13.980
Strange, Jamie
The Columbia Basin, Columbia River, Snake River basin. So it's gonna be a
fairly low elevation.
0:25:14.880 --> 0:25:22.470
Strange, Jamie
The elevation there, meaning it, you know, down to 4000 feet. So but it's it's
not one that we typically find up at high elevations in the mountains.
0:25:23.740 --> 0:25:29.420
Strange, Jamie
But yeah, restricted to a much narrower geographic area than either evidences
or furious.
0:25:35.210 --> 0:25:41.360
Strange, Jamie
So here's californicus and I think the thing to sort of highlight the
difference here between this and.
0:25:42.470 --> 0:25:44.820
Strange, Jamie
Curvatus and I'll come back to Purvis and just a second.
0:25:46.420 --> 0:25:59.970
Strange, Jamie
Is how much black pile you're gonna find on T2 and T3 of the abdomen, so
there's black pile in here. There is on this, but there's a yellow band here on
TV.
0:26:1.200 --> 0:26:2.130
Strange, Jamie
4 looks like.
0:26:3.250 --> 0:26:6.260
Strange, Jamie
Although there's a lot of variation in California, so.
0:26:7.700 --> 0:26:22.670
Strange, Jamie
You'll notice a little yellow pills here on T1 and again you you do get this
black sort of band between the the wing bases sometimes coming into a real
noted V here.
0:26:23.230 --> 0:26:27.880
Strange, Jamie
Umm, but that's not always there again. Lots of variation in this species.
0:26:29.580 --> 0:26:33.240
Strange, Jamie
And that I've just pull back real quick here to serve it as the remind you what
that.
0:26:33.880 --> 0:26:35.30
Strange, Jamie
Generally looks like.
0:26:40.40 --> 0:26:40.540
Strange, Jamie
Though.
0:26:41.590 --> 0:26:42.660
Strange, Jamie
She's pretty yellow.
0:26:44.370 --> 0:26:45.360
Strange, Jamie
The whole way through.
0:26:46.980 --> 0:26:47.640
Strange, Jamie
And no.
0:26:48.480 --> 0:26:51.430
Strange, Jamie
Really importantly, no black hair is down here.
0:26:52.190 --> 0:26:55.260
Strange, Jamie
On T2 or three. Three. So that's gonna be.
0:26:54.990 --> 0:26:57.310
Maffei, Clare J
Jamie, we've we've lost your cursor somehow.
0:27:2.500 --> 0:27:2.820
Maffei, Clare J
Born.
0:26:58.210 --> 0:27:2.820
Strange, Jamie
Oh, sorry, I'm on the I think I might be on the was on the wrong picture. No
black here's.
0:27:3.550 --> 0:27:4.870
Maffei, Clare J
It might have been all bleached out.
0:27:6.290 --> 0:27:9.300
Strange, Jamie
Yeah. Ohh it's possible. Yeah, I don't know if you can see this here. It's.
0:27:11.80 --> 0:27:12.740
Strange, Jamie
Maybe turn off some of my lights to.
0:27:15.300 --> 0:27:15.600
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:27:16.660 --> 0:27:17.890
Strange, Jamie
The down here in the abdomen.
0:27:18.590 --> 0:27:19.520
Strange, Jamie
If you can see that.
0:27:20.950 --> 0:27:26.150
Maffei, Clare J
Actually, I'm sorry. I think you were right the first time and it just maybe
had gone on to a two-part of the screen, my apologies.
0:27:26.570 --> 0:27:27.550
Strange, Jamie
Alright, no, no problem.
0:27:30.530 --> 0:27:34.220
Strange, Jamie
Technology's fun clear. I mean, it's not having a good time right now.
0:27:34.620 --> 0:27:35.0
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:27:34.710 --> 0:27:35.730
Maffei, Clare J
We're having an adventure.
0:27:37.20 --> 0:27:52.840
Strange, Jamie
So I want to throw up another, uh, another californicus that I think is what
causes a lot of confusion in between this species and furvus. And if I get
things set up for this one quick second here, I'll be right back.
0:27:54.550 --> 0:27:55.80
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:27:56.280 --> 0:27:56.450
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:28:5.870 --> 0:28:7.180
Strange, Jamie
Alright so.
0:28:10.820 --> 0:28:13.530
Strange, Jamie
Little better than might turn a light off here if I can.
0:28:20.980 --> 0:28:22.690
Strange, Jamie
Ohh, that turned them all off.
0:28:25.530 --> 0:28:27.290
Maffei, Clare J
I think the contrast was good with that one.
0:28:44.420 --> 0:29:13.430
Strange, Jamie
OK. Umm what? You'll notice in here on the abdomen is that while there's
there's yellow here and and and again with the naked eye, you can see it very
well. If there's a lot of sort of dark pile mixed in here. So there's black
hairs in on 2T2 and T3 mixed in with this yellow. And so when you're looking at
the bee very directly in front of you, not under a microscope, you'll you can
see pretty well that it looks.
0:29:14.190 --> 0:29:15.420
Strange, Jamie
And actually you can see here.
0:29:16.290 --> 0:29:18.250
Strange, Jamie
Where it it looks more and more.
0:29:19.940 --> 0:29:30.90
Strange, Jamie
Like like this is a there's a dark darker band, 2 darker bands right in here,
right? And again, just to give you that.
0:29:30.780 --> 0:29:32.80
Strange, Jamie
Curvatus comparison.
0:29:33.460 --> 0:30:3.260
Strange, Jamie
This is very yellow. There's no hint of dark hair in here, and if you zoom in
even, you would notice that there's no dark hair center mixed on this one. So
just to give you that contrast, California, this is gonna have some dark hair
on them. They can be, they can be very, very yellow, almost as yellow as this
beam. But you will almost always have or you will always have black hair
intermixed with that yellow hair on T2 and T3 in California has to some degree.
0:30:3.430 --> 0:30:6.520
Strange, Jamie
Fergus, you will never have black hair intermixed. So.
0:30:7.640 --> 0:30:10.240
Strange, Jamie
That's that's the difference on these. You're gonna look at that.
0:30:10.780 --> 0:30:19.410
Strange, Jamie
Uh. Those two terabytes and say, OK, are these, do these have black hair on
them? If there's any black hair mixed in there, then you know, you've got
California cause.
0:30:21.360 --> 0:30:27.610
Strange, Jamie
Otherwise, there's really no great characters to separate these bees. Umm,
other than that color character so.
0:30:28.80 --> 0:30:28.460
Strange, Jamie
Uh.
0:30:28.520 --> 0:30:30.310
Maffei, Clare J
Do we find them in the same place?
0:30:31.270 --> 0:30:44.470
Strange, Jamie
Well, typically that's a great question. So so range wise, californicus is
gonna be it's it's more or less in the Rockies and the coastal ranges. It does
go down into low elevation once you get out and.
0:30:45.490 --> 0:30:48.150
Strange, Jamie
Along the California and.
0:30:49.810 --> 0:31:4.540
Strange, Jamie
Oregon and Washington coast. You'll find it there. You won't find fervid us as
much West of the West of the Sierra Cascade Range, but it there are records, so
I won't say you'll never find it. It's just not as common.
0:31:5.10 --> 0:31:14.140
Strange, Jamie
Umm Fertis is found more frequently again at those lower elevation drier sites.
California is typically more in the mountains.
0:31:15.480 --> 0:31:23.700
Strange, Jamie
More in in more moist and cooler sites. So there is some separation habitat
wise between these two species.
0:31:24.550 --> 0:31:25.80
Strange, Jamie
But.
0:31:25.730 --> 0:31:27.480
Strange, Jamie
There are definitely places where you can find them both.
0:31:28.350 --> 0:31:29.930
Strange, Jamie
So it's there there's not.
0:31:30.540 --> 0:31:39.550
Strange, Jamie
It's not always a great habitat distinction, but generally higher elevation
sites are gonna be California's lower elevation sites will be servitus.
0:31:41.790 --> 0:31:52.940
Strange, Jamie
And you'll never find Furvus, I should say. Say never, but they're not really
records of servitus east of really the Front Range in Colorado, so.
0:31:54.330 --> 0:31:59.120
Strange, Jamie
Once you get out into the plains it it's gone. Then you get into more further
this country.
0:32:1.690 --> 0:32:1.940
Strange, Jamie
Alright.
0:32:1.530 --> 0:32:8.270
Maffei, Clare J
We also have a question, are the genitalia or other internal characters
distinctive between furvus and californicus?
0:32:12.10 --> 0:32:15.210
Strange, Jamie
That's a great question. So if you look at male genitalia.
0:32:15.910 --> 0:32:16.680
Strange, Jamie
Uh.
0:32:18.450 --> 0:32:20.740
Strange, Jamie
There's so Robin Thorpe and his.
0:32:21.770 --> 0:32:25.170
Strange, Jamie
Bumblebees of California has some.
0:32:26.110 --> 0:32:32.510
Strange, Jamie
I'm trying to remember what's in there. I spent a long time since I've looked
at Fertis in California cause genitalia, so I can't.
0:32:33.410 --> 0:32:42.120
Strange, Jamie
Answer honestly on that one and and Williams doesn't because he doesn't treat
them as two species in his book. That's not in there.
0:32:44.270 --> 0:32:53.320
Strange, Jamie
I'd have to go back to Thorpe and look, I can't remember I there. I think he
had some minor differences in in male genitalia, but they were not. They were
not huge.
0:32:54.10 --> 0:32:57.720
Strange, Jamie
Incidentally, Paul Williams doesn't split these his two species because.
0:32:59.210 --> 0:33:7.100
Strange, Jamie
There's some overlapping barcode sequences that make them that I think make a
good argument that they could be treated as a single species.
0:33:7.630 --> 0:33:28.130
Strange, Jamie
Umm, we've treated them as separate species, largely due to this kind of
habitat separation and also some other molecular markers that John Koch and I
used and looked at and said, well, those actually do look like they're not
interbreeding populations, even when those populations are adjacent to each
other. And so we've.
0:33:28.810 --> 0:33:35.60
Strange, Jamie
We've chosen to treat them as separate and just maintain what that Robin had in
his bumblebees of California.
0:33:37.690 --> 0:33:47.140
Strange, Jamie
But you know, I think there's still a reasonable argument, and some people
would agree with you if you just lump them all together and labeled them as
Servatius so.
0:33:48.480 --> 0:33:53.330
Strange, Jamie
In my mind, it's just better to keep them apart at this point until until we're
sure so.
0:33:57.430 --> 0:34:2.780
Strange, Jamie
Sorry I can't answer the genitalia question directly. I I diverted that like a
skilled politician. I think so.
0:34:5.310 --> 0:34:5.980
Strange, Jamie
I'm going to put my.
0:34:5.390 --> 0:34:7.500
Maffei, Clare J
While spreading other good information.
0:34:7.960 --> 0:34:9.540
Strange, Jamie
Yes, yes.
0:34:10.560 --> 0:34:11.260
Strange, Jamie
Uh.
0:34:12.490 --> 0:34:19.900
Strange, Jamie
There we go. OK, so that's that. First group evidence is Morris and I Ferguson
californicus.
0:34:21.220 --> 0:34:27.720
Strange, Jamie
I'm sure I didn't answer all your questions and but I'm gonna move on cause we
got other other beast to look at.
0:34:30.20 --> 0:34:36.820
Strange, Jamie
So the next one, so the one awesome thing for those of you who aren't familiar
with Western bumblebees is that they're very colorful.
0:34:37.600 --> 0:34:44.10
Strange, Jamie
Umm, so we started with the the yellow and black ones and now we're gonna go to
the ones that are.
0:34:44.710 --> 0:34:46.50
Strange, Jamie
Sort of brightly.
0:34:46.780 --> 0:34:49.670
Strange, Jamie
The the most brightly colored of them.
0:34:51.330 --> 0:34:55.180
Strange, Jamie
And this is one of my favorite bees, Bombus huntii.
0:34:56.10 --> 0:34:57.270
Strange, Jamie
And you'll notice.
0:34:58.100 --> 0:34:59.840
Strange, Jamie
They pull her back into view here.
0:35:1.520 --> 0:35:1.980
Strange, Jamie
That.
0:35:3.200 --> 0:35:4.210
Strange, Jamie
She has a.
0:35:6.230 --> 0:35:11.520
Strange, Jamie
Very bright colored abdomen to bright yellow or bright orange with yellow
stripes.
0:35:13.670 --> 0:35:15.700
Strange, Jamie
Position. There you go so.
0:35:22.50 --> 0:35:45.130
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, so, uh, this is one that that's actually relatively simple to identify a
lot. You can kind of do this on on the wing. So Hunties distribution is again,
it's more Intermountain, less high elevation. So typically basins, but you do
occasionally file basins, prairies, things like that. But you do occasionally
find it.
0:35:45.210 --> 0:35:58.900
Strange, Jamie
Umm, in the the in forested areas, although less so, and it really it's range
is more constrained between the Sierra Cascade Crest in the West.
0:35:59.700 --> 0:36:7.10
Strange, Jamie
Really out to again the Front Range of the Rockies and it will go north fairly
far into Canada.
0:36:8.690 --> 0:36:11.240
Strange, Jamie
Definitely into the prayer provinces.
0:36:11.320 --> 0:36:24.30
Strange, Jamie
Uh, uh. The Okanagan Valley in British Columbia and then S the most southern
populations that I think we know of are are down around Mexico City, in the
mountains around Mexico City, so.
0:36:25.250 --> 0:36:35.900
Strange, Jamie
A very broad geographic range N to South, less so east to West, but really one
of those bees that tends to like to be in mountain regions but in the lower
elevation sites of those mountains.
0:36:36.450 --> 0:36:41.860
Strange, Jamie
Umm. And so you'll typically find it out in the sagebrush step and areas like
that.
0:36:43.500 --> 0:36:55.920
Strange, Jamie
Pretty common there. Uh, and in some spots in that area, it's one of the most
common bees. This is also one that we worked a lot with in wearing in the
laboratory. It makes really great colonies. Nice big.
0:36:56.340 --> 0:37:0.110
Strange, Jamie
Yeah. The colonies of over 1000 individuals have been recorded, so.
0:37:0.690 --> 0:37:8.30
Strange, Jamie
Umm. And and it's relatively easy to rear. So now at least a few years ago.
0:37:8.110 --> 0:37:21.680
Strange, Jamie
So biobased was a is a commercial bumble commercial bumblebee producer. They
were producing Pontiac for sale in Western Canada. I'm not sure what the status
of that is anymore. Somebody told me they may not be doing it at the moment,
but.
0:37:22.80 --> 0:37:34.770
Strange, Jamie
Umm. Anyway, it's one that that can be of commercial interest, but also is
pretty broadly distributed naturally and an important be that way in ecosystems.
So how do I identify it?
0:37:35.230 --> 0:38:5.20
Strange, Jamie
Umm, it has. I'll show you in a minute. Has a yellow face like a lot of other
bumblebees in the West. It has yellow pile on the on the front of the thorax.
Back here on the you tell them. And also this sort of black band that occurs
between the wing bases. Again you'll see that sometimes a little bit of a notch
here, never really a full notch down. That completely separates these two into
two distinct yellow patches. It will always be some yellow.
0:38:5.90 --> 0:38:5.870
Strange, Jamie
Connecting there.
0:38:6.430 --> 0:38:8.400
Strange, Jamie
U MT1 is yellow.
0:38:9.180 --> 0:38:23.70
Strange, Jamie
Right here. Primarily yellow hair and then T2 and T3 will be orange. T4 will be
yellow and then posterior to that it will be black. So nice distinct bands.
Nice crisp.
0:38:25.30 --> 0:38:33.630
Strange, Jamie
Color changes the the pile itself tends to be relatively short. It's not
doesn't have a shaggy look to it, and all you'll see some shaggy in a minute.
But.
0:38:35.40 --> 0:38:36.770
Strange, Jamie
This is one that's that's.
0:38:37.970 --> 0:38:42.150
Strange, Jamie
Again, relatively relatively straightforward, just looking at.
0:38:42.750 --> 0:38:46.430
Strange, Jamie
Where the color is and let me flip her around so you can see your face.
0:38:58.100 --> 0:38:59.990
Strange, Jamie
The one who's showing her face a little better.
0:39:1.240 --> 0:39:1.490
Strange, Jamie
Yeah.
0:39:3.310 --> 0:39:3.740
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:39:7.170 --> 0:39:11.370
Strange, Jamie
So here you go, yellow face yellow below the wing base is yellow above the wing
bases.
0:39:13.110 --> 0:39:26.230
Strange, Jamie
Nice yellow here. No notice. There's no black hairs intermixed in this yellow.
And then a distinct black band on the thorax. Between the wind bases. So that's
Bombus huntii, the next one.
0:39:27.420 --> 0:39:28.360
Strange, Jamie
I'm going to show you.
0:39:29.450 --> 0:39:30.750
Strange, Jamie
For contrast, this is.
0:39:33.340 --> 0:39:35.630
Strange, Jamie
Very similar looking species in a lot of ways.
0:39:36.710 --> 0:39:44.370
Strange, Jamie
This is a very high elevation bee, Bombus silvicola. Sorry, I thought I had the
face in there. Better. But wait, maybe I need to do this.
0:39:46.430 --> 0:39:47.500
Strange, Jamie
Get a good look at her face.
0:39:50.400 --> 0:39:59.770
Strange, Jamie
Bomb this silvicola very similar in a lot of ways. The one difference here, one
of the main differences is there's just very little yellow hair in between
these wing bases.
0:40:1.30 --> 0:40:10.740
Strange, Jamie
So you see a little tiny patch of yellow, but definitely not yellow up here
above and and any yellow when there's intermixed with with a lot of black hair
on that face. So.
0:40:12.400 --> 0:40:16.290
Strange, Jamie
We're type out range. This occurs again throughout the western US but but.
0:40:17.510 --> 0:40:26.680
Strange, Jamie
It's one that you typically find only at high elevations in the Rockies, and by
high elevations in the Rockies. I mean, above eight, 9000 feet.
0:40:27.960 --> 0:40:41.200
Strange, Jamie
We used to get a few in Utah. You get them in in the Wasatch Range, but only at
elevations above about 10,000 feet. But there are some populations that are
known down in.
0:40:42.870 --> 0:41:6.980
Strange, Jamie
In the yellows or. Sorry Yosemite area, but again, just at the very top of the
mountains and then in the Cascades and in the Olympic Mountains, but only at
the highest elevations above about 5000 feet there. So as you get further N
into Canada, they become more and more common at lower elevations, but never
really a super common theme.
0:41:10.230 --> 0:41:11.20
Strange, Jamie
Trying to get the.
0:41:12.550 --> 0:41:14.720
Strange, Jamie
Just went to the focus here for you.
0:41:15.520 --> 0:41:32.240
Strange, Jamie
Umm, the other thing you'll see. What this be? That's interesting. Again in
front of the this is the front of the thorax. Here's the head over here, just
for those of you looking between the wing bases. This black band, this V Black
TV tends to be more distinct. This isn't maybe the best angle to view it at,
but.
0:41:32.800 --> 0:41:35.600
Strange, Jamie
Uh, if I can twist a little bit here, we can see it.
0:41:38.190 --> 0:41:39.40
Strange, Jamie
I just knocked her off.
0:41:53.530 --> 0:42:1.640
Strange, Jamie
Though a little, a little maybe better angle here, but a little bit more
distinctive. A black band, the coming on the skin tone, but again not.
0:42:3.430 --> 0:42:10.330
Strange, Jamie
Not a nice clear cut V like. Hopefully we'll see in a moment when I switch out
to a Bombus by various.
0:42:11.650 --> 0:42:13.760
Strange, Jamie
And then the last thing to show you here.
0:42:14.420 --> 0:42:18.710
Strange, Jamie
You're going to see the abdomen and just again the color banding pattern.
0:42:25.690 --> 0:42:26.220
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:42:29.920 --> 0:42:37.700
Strange, Jamie
So on this be you've got, you know these these yellowish whitish hairs on T1T2
will be primarily orange.
0:42:38.510 --> 0:42:52.340
Strange, Jamie
The three same and then T4 will also be, uh. This sort of yellow, white color,
pretty light yellow. The one thing that I think this abdomen really shows
nicely and hopefully we can do a contrast here with.
0:42:53.930 --> 0:43:11.460
Strange, Jamie
With the hunti in a second is that the length of the hair on this bee is longer
than it is on huntii, and it you'll notice this sort of shaggy, unkempt
appearance. I don't know why they don't go to the Barber, but they don't, so
these ones are, you know, kind of a little shaggier look to it.
0:43:12.60 --> 0:43:15.450
Strange, Jamie
Umm. And then here just to go back and contrast with.
0:43:16.130 --> 0:43:17.900
Strange, Jamie
The well manicured.
0:43:19.370 --> 0:43:20.360
Strange, Jamie
Bombus huntii yak.
0:43:22.220 --> 0:43:22.670
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:43:24.250 --> 0:43:29.700
Strange, Jamie
Again, that the shaggy I I hate to give it to you. It's a kind of a gestalt
sort of feel, but when you see a lot of them, you're like.
0:43:30.370 --> 0:43:34.160
Strange, Jamie
You know that that bee looks much less jagged than the other one.
0:43:35.880 --> 0:43:41.210
Strange, Jamie
So that's a good character too, but really that face the yellow hair on the
face hunty eye.
0:43:42.80 --> 0:43:45.390
Strange, Jamie
Predominantly black hair on the face is going to be.
0:43:45.910 --> 0:43:56.340
Strange, Jamie
Uh, silvicola. And then really that separation silvicola is a high elevation
bee. Hunting is a lower elevation B. So you're gonna find hunti in the valleys.
You're gonna find silvicola at the mountain tops.
0:43:57.40 --> 0:44:3.360
Strange, Jamie
And rarely do they ever overlap in range. Just based on that elevation
difference.
0:44:6.700 --> 0:44:7.110
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:44:8.620 --> 0:44:14.410
Strange, Jamie
I won't spend so Vikas. Also one that unless you're really collecting it high
elevations, you're unlikely to run into much.
0:44:18.240 --> 0:44:27.870
Strange, Jamie
The the next one I want to put up is another one that's confused with this
group and it's I've seen it confused with both of these species and this is
bombas Milano Pigus.
0:44:30.460 --> 0:44:32.830
Strange, Jamie
Or melanops agus as some people say.
0:44:37.260 --> 0:44:39.850
Strange, Jamie
I wish I had actually paid attention to my Latin class, but.
0:44:41.290 --> 0:44:43.100
Strange, Jamie
There's not a good Latin, Steven.
0:44:47.780 --> 0:45:4.130
Strange, Jamie
So here's the face it it's it's got again. It's got some yellow here below the
wing bases, some yellow above the wing bases. So that kind of gets you started
on separation with with silvicola. Silvicola is gonna have much less yellow
than this on the face.
0:45:5.450 --> 0:45:6.900
Strange, Jamie
So there's your first clue.
0:45:7.730 --> 0:45:12.830
Strange, Jamie
Uh, it doesn't quite have that pure yellow like huntii does, so it's not.
0:45:14.420 --> 0:45:35.690
Strange, Jamie
It it's somewhere in between and I think the thing that's really gonna be
distinct that now you're gonna see when we get focused in on this band of hair.
This is the front of of the thorax right here. And you'll notice how much black
hair is intermixed in here. I think in Robin Thorpe's bumblebees and cookies of
California, he described it as.
0:45:36.90 --> 0:45:41.870
Strange, Jamie
Uh intermixed black hair, giving it a cloudy appearance. And I think that's
what you get here instead of this.
0:45:42.930 --> 0:45:52.110
Strange, Jamie
An hunts guy. You have that distinct yellow with no, and we're gonna roll over
to the hunting in just a second. Distinct yellow with no black intermixed.
0:45:54.980 --> 0:45:56.300
Strange, Jamie
And here's hunty eye.
0:45:57.0 --> 0:46:1.130
Strange, Jamie
See how the difference in the brightness there? That's all yellow, no black
hairs.
0:46:4.190 --> 0:46:11.290
Strange, Jamie
And that's going to be the best character right there. It's that hair on the
front of the thorax and and then it will lead out.
0:46:12.400 --> 0:46:17.550
Strange, Jamie
To the other thing, it makes it look like when you look down from above, you'll
notice.
0:46:18.370 --> 0:46:26.640
Strange, Jamie
With that hair, it it almost doesn't look like there's really much yellow in
there at all. That that front of the thorax is very, very cloudy, very dark.
0:46:28.850 --> 0:46:40.590
Strange, Jamie
And back here you again. Back into that bright yellow, the banding pattern on
the abdomens essentially the same. It's got yellow, orange, orange, little bit
of yellow on T4, and then then the black tail. So.
0:46:42.710 --> 0:46:47.300
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, that's that's your best character. Look at that. Cloudy the cloudy
shoulders as we call them.
0:46:52.30 --> 0:46:55.70
Strange, Jamie
And I gotta switch out to another B.
0:46:56.560 --> 0:46:57.890
Strange, Jamie
I mentioned earlier.
0:46:58.880 --> 0:46:59.430
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:47:2.40 --> 0:47:4.870
Strange, Jamie
This is a from a revision a couple years ago.
0:47:7.20 --> 0:47:16.570
Strange, Jamie
We we split our species, which was Bumpus by Farius was sort of the recognized
species for a long time as one of the more.
0:47:17.270 --> 0:47:19.840
Strange, Jamie
Most abundant species in the western United States.
0:47:21.890 --> 0:47:22.530
Strange, Jamie
And.
0:47:24.260 --> 0:47:30.620
Strange, Jamie
A couple years ago, based on molecular evidence, we split it into two species
and now we've got.
0:47:32.130 --> 0:47:36.380
Strange, Jamie
Bombus, by furious and Bombus Vancouver ancis.
0:47:37.650 --> 0:47:39.230
Strange, Jamie
Bomb is by furious.
0:47:40.380 --> 0:47:45.810
Strange, Jamie
And you know, I'll tell you right now that we still don't have great
morphological characters to separate these.
0:47:46.280 --> 0:47:53.120
Strange, Jamie
Umm, but really geography is is the number one thing. So Bambas Vicarius is now
restricted to.
0:47:55.300 --> 0:47:58.580
Strange, Jamie
The Colorado Plateau, northern New Mexico.
0:47:59.140 --> 0:48:26.980
Strange, Jamie
Umm. And so you'll find it in the Colorado Rockies. We don't find it really
north or West of there. It pops into just very southern Wyoming. So the snowy
mountains, the Uinta Mountains. And then once you get north and West of that,
everything is pretty much bombed. This Vancouver insists, although there's a
lot of color convergence in these color patterns. So this is bombas by various
it's got.
0:48:27.80 --> 0:48:29.620
Strange, Jamie
Uh, let me say should start with this.
0:48:30.950 --> 0:48:35.470
Strange, Jamie
It's got a a nice can see from above here. Maybe you can see.
0:48:40.600 --> 0:48:42.790
Strange, Jamie
Unlike silvicola.
0:48:43.570 --> 0:48:48.700
Strange, Jamie
Look at that yellow on the face. A really distinct yellow patch. Uh patch of
yellow hair there.
0:48:49.120 --> 0:48:58.770
Strange, Jamie
Umm, very little black on that face. And so if you see that really distinct
yellow patch that's gonna lead you to vicarious. And then at the same time.
0:49:0.120 --> 0:49:10.780
Strange, Jamie
Probably the most distinct character that most people notice immediately is
this black V which bisects these two yellow patches on the scutellum.
0:49:14.530 --> 0:49:15.380
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, we'll focus.
0:49:17.20 --> 0:49:17.510
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:49:18.240 --> 0:49:33.710
Strange, Jamie
This is this is distinct the vigos the whole way through. If you, you know if
you manipulate this on the scope a little bit, you'll note black hairs just go
the entire way down and it forms a very distinct V none of the other species
have a distinction quite like that.
0:49:34.250 --> 0:49:49.770
Strange, Jamie
Umm, and then with Vicarious you've got yellow on T1, you've got orange. On T2
you frequently have a black AV of black pile that runs from T1 down into T2.
That's not uncommon with the species.
0:49:51.390 --> 0:50:1.0
Strange, Jamie
And then just to show you why we can people confuse it a lot here you can see
those two, this is the back of the thorax. You see those two yellow toffs
really distinct.
0:50:2.170 --> 0:50:6.40
Strange, Jamie
Here's the orange and then we have again yellow pile on T4.
0:50:8.590 --> 0:50:15.960
Strange, Jamie
And then a little black tail there. So this can be confused with those other
species that we see flying around in the area. But but really it is.
0:50:17.160 --> 0:50:31.390
Strange, Jamie
It's that that notch that distinguishes it, and that bright yellow face. Now,
how do you tell us apart from Vancouver and this again, these can be very
difficult to tell apart. I have a unit here with some Queens of Bombus,
Vancouver insists.
0:50:32.320 --> 0:50:33.140
Strange, Jamie
Am I?
0:50:33.870 --> 0:50:34.540
Strange, Jamie
Yes.
0:50:32.530 --> 0:50:39.450
Maffei, Clare J
Question Z is asking is Vancouver and says what is referred to as near Arcticus
and Williams.
0:50:41.20 --> 0:50:58.390
Strange, Jamie
Ah, yeah, so that's a good question. So the answer is yes, but it's actually
more than just that. So Vancouver Ensis, we actually several of us wanted to
use the name new arcticus because it was much more common in the literature.
But because of taxonomy and precedence.
0:50:58.890 --> 0:50:59.340
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:51:0.330 --> 0:51:7.400
Strange, Jamie
The name Vancouver and this was used first, so we had to apply that to the
revision.
0:51:8.210 --> 0:51:13.660
Strange, Jamie
There's still some questions. I think this is not a settled debate yet whether.
0:51:14.660 --> 0:51:29.630
Strange, Jamie
What we think of Vancouver insists what we traditionally thought of as
Vancouver answers, which was this more that was, that occurred basically on
Vancouver Island and the San Juan Islands in the Salish Sea, and then up along
coastal Canada.
0:51:30.750 --> 0:51:33.850
Strange, Jamie
Even maybe into Alaska SE Alaska.
0:51:34.570 --> 0:51:39.600
Strange, Jamie
We were calling that form Vancouver Ensis. It's a pretty distinct looking.
0:51:41.300 --> 0:51:44.630
Strange, Jamie
Morphotype of this of this complex right?
0:51:46.60 --> 0:51:49.800
Strange, Jamie
The Arctic is is the one that we sort of thought was Intermountain West.
0:51:50.430 --> 0:51:51.800
Strange, Jamie
Going down into California.
0:51:53.630 --> 0:52:3.640
Strange, Jamie
But that name didn't have precedent, so we've that New York Lucas is now
currently considered to be part of Vancouver and SIS. So whether or not that
gets split out in the future or not.
0:52:4.710 --> 0:52:10.680
Strange, Jamie
I I'm not doing that work, so maybe somebody else's, I don't know if that
answers the question, but.
0:52:13.200 --> 0:52:18.80
Strange, Jamie
So this is our, this is our Vancouver and says Slash nearctica space.
0:52:19.350 --> 0:52:21.730
Strange, Jamie
Ohh wait. No, I'm sorry. That's our.
0:52:22.730 --> 0:52:24.160
Strange, Jamie
By various space right there.
0:52:25.320 --> 0:52:27.10
Strange, Jamie
By various by various from.
0:52:29.220 --> 0:52:32.380
Strange, Jamie
From Colorado, this is Marcus.
0:52:34.200 --> 0:52:36.80
Strange, Jamie
Slash Vancouver insists face.
0:52:37.580 --> 0:52:39.890
Strange, Jamie
See what she said in the Arctic is now. I'm gonna call it that all day.
0:52:41.560 --> 0:52:55.20
Strange, Jamie
So this is and I just pulled this. I just pulled out a unit of of a Queens that
I had, but you can see again bright yellow face, yellow one in front of the
thorax. That black band between the wing bases that.
0:52:57.150 --> 0:52:59.160
Strange, Jamie
If I can get this pinned to stay.
0:53:1.330 --> 0:53:4.620
Strange, Jamie
I pulled the queen out just because Queens out. Just because I think.
0:53:5.340 --> 0:53:7.410
Strange, Jamie
And this is true with by various too.
0:53:7.970 --> 0:53:12.870
Strange, Jamie
Umm how distinct that Black V is on this?
0:53:13.780 --> 0:53:14.980
Strange, Jamie
Back to the thorax.
0:53:17.710 --> 0:53:26.120
Strange, Jamie
Right. There's no mistaking that these are two very distinct yellow patches
separated by a black feet and that's.
0:53:27.300 --> 0:53:36.860
Strange, Jamie
This is which I think is why people always consider buying Vancouver and says
New York tickets and and by various to be a single species is because of how
distinct this was on the three of them.
0:53:38.660 --> 0:53:39.310
Strange, Jamie
And now?
0:53:39.980 --> 0:53:47.110
Strange, Jamie
We got two species, maybe maybe 1/3 in the future, but the one big thing that
sort of separates these is.
0:53:48.440 --> 0:53:58.950
Strange, Jamie
Incoherences the Arctic is tends to have a lot more black pile here on T2 and
T3. It's not always black, there's an enough I'll show you a one here.
0:54:0.460 --> 0:54:6.740
Strange, Jamie
That that is what causes a lot of this confusion. Again, a lot of variability,
I think in thorpes.
0:54:7.850 --> 0:54:9.160
Strange, Jamie
All these in California.
0:54:9.890 --> 0:54:10.360
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
0:54:11.140 --> 0:54:14.560
Strange, Jamie
Of these and cuckoo bees, I should say of California, he said.
0:54:16.160 --> 0:54:22.130
Strange, Jamie
Where was him? Or if it was Bill Steven and his book of Oregon, the Vancouver
and causes cost more.
0:54:23.760 --> 0:54:29.430
Strange, Jamie
Or rather, by viruses cause more frustration among bumblebee taxonomists than
any other species in America.
0:54:31.230 --> 0:54:53.610
Strange, Jamie
I guess it's still still true, but here's one this is again Vancouver and says
there's a lot more sort of. This looks yellow here to my naked eye, it looks
much more orange. You can see a little bit of darker orange in here, but orange
and yellow and are mixed. The binary is from Colorado. New Mexico are gonna be
generally really distinct, bright orange like you saw in that other one. Not
this.
0:54:53.690 --> 0:54:58.280
Strange, Jamie
Uh, not this lighter yellow, yellowish orange pile, so.
0:55:0.70 --> 0:55:3.400
Strange, Jamie
The Vancouver into this we would be this yellow orange.
0:55:4.190 --> 0:55:6.180
Strange, Jamie
For this black that you see here.
0:55:7.480 --> 0:55:9.520
Strange, Jamie
Versus a distinct orange bin so.
0:55:10.200 --> 0:55:10.620
Strange, Jamie
But.
0:55:11.800 --> 0:55:26.630
Strange, Jamie
Again, until I think these are really settled with better morphological
characters, it's gonna it's hard to pull them apart beyond just geography
unless they fall at the the extremes of the spectrum, because there's enough.
There's enough in the mid range that makes it very confusing.
0:55:32.860 --> 0:55:33.600
Strange, Jamie
But minutes.
0:55:29.160 --> 0:55:34.760
Maffei, Clare J
I'm just popping in to say you have a 5 minutes and we don't have any questions
really.
0:55:36.230 --> 0:55:40.600
Strange, Jamie
Alright, I have. Well, let's I have two more that I wanna do if.
0:55:42.450 --> 0:55:43.380
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, let's go.
0:55:42.30 --> 0:55:49.20
Strange, Jamie
If if that works for everybody, the next two species are Bombus centralis and
Bombas Flava France.
0:55:49.610 --> 0:55:51.270
Strange, Jamie
Umm and.
0:55:52.130 --> 0:55:56.350
Strange, Jamie
These shouldn't take too long to separate out, so I'll try to just.
0:55:57.400 --> 0:56:5.790
Strange, Jamie
Crews through this as best I can. This your meeting, right. Right now this is
your new best friend, Bombus centralis.
0:56:7.450 --> 0:56:10.710
Strange, Jamie
And these species both occur throughout the Mountain West.
0:56:11.400 --> 0:56:29.600
Strange, Jamie
Umm, there does tend to be a difference in distribution habitat wise and that
distribution and habitat in the intermountain W is really that that centralis
again tends to be a bee of the basins and canyons, and flatter fronts tends to
be of higher elevation sites.
0:56:31.740 --> 0:56:32.470
Strange, Jamie
And so.
0:56:33.960 --> 0:56:40.170
Strange, Jamie
We will, without further ado, there's these ones, are frequently confused,
yellow face on centralis.
0:56:40.980 --> 0:56:47.100
Strange, Jamie
Flip over to flavor, Franz. Ohh no. Yep. There's yellow hair on that face. It
does tend to have a darker face, but.
0:56:47.920 --> 0:57:2.630
Strange, Jamie
Warning, there's a lot of variability on these. Both of these species as far as
as pile color, so or not a lot of variability as far as popular, but there's
within Flava fronts, there tends to be a fair amount of variability, so they
can be easily confused.
0:57:4.340 --> 0:57:10.650
Strange, Jamie
So there's that the the best character we use really to pull these apart.
0:57:12.530 --> 0:57:13.80
Strange, Jamie
Is.
0:57:14.540 --> 0:57:16.250
Strange, Jamie
Is to look at the thorax.
0:57:18.270 --> 0:57:18.790
Strange, Jamie
Get them.
0:57:20.290 --> 0:57:20.890
Strange, Jamie
Up here.
0:57:25.310 --> 0:57:25.810
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:57:26.730 --> 0:57:28.380
Strange, Jamie
This is Bombas flava France.
0:57:29.20 --> 0:57:30.440
Strange, Jamie
Umm again.
0:57:31.350 --> 0:58:2.240
Strange, Jamie
You'll notice on the thorax we've got in on the front of the thorax. This is
much like melanocytes. The front of this thorax. There's black hair. You see
these black hairs that are intermixed into the yellow hair. And sometimes it's
not a lot, but there's always some intermixed hairs and it seems to be, quite
honestly, a population specific thing. Some populations are much more yellow,
some are much more black within Flava fronts. But there's always some intermixed
here. You're always gonna see a few hairs there.
0:58:4.420 --> 0:58:5.660
Strange, Jamie
Contrast that with.
0:58:8.560 --> 0:58:10.950
Strange, Jamie
With the much more bright yellow.
0:58:11.970 --> 0:58:14.530
Strange, Jamie
No black hairs intermixed on.
0:58:15.820 --> 0:58:23.120
Strange, Jamie
Centralis so centralis you look at this this front of the thorax, the shoulders
are gonna be very, very yellow.
0:58:23.760 --> 0:58:26.430
Strange, Jamie
Umm should not have any black hair intermix there.
0:58:27.350 --> 0:58:30.770
Strange, Jamie
That's kind of the best character to pull these apart. There are.
0:58:32.660 --> 0:58:40.500
Strange, Jamie
Waterfront, like I mentioned, has a lot of variations, so when you get out to
the Western populations out along the West Coast, you often instead of having.
0:58:42.20 --> 0:58:42.620
Strange, Jamie
This.
0:58:43.420 --> 0:58:48.10
Strange, Jamie
Orange, as you're gonna see right here, instead of having this orange here.
0:58:49.590 --> 0:58:55.740
Strange, Jamie
They will have instead it'll be black, so they'll be yell at 2 yellow bands and
then black bands following that and.
0:58:57.90 --> 0:59:12.170
Strange, Jamie
Yeah. So there's variation within within Flava France. It could be a fair
amount of variation and and when you get out to the coast, it can be actually
confused with other species out on the coast. But in the Intermountain W, it's
the one you're gonna run into is and I'll show you the side view of.
0:59:12.940 --> 0:59:16.170
Strange, Jamie
Of centrality at that too. You can see same thing.
0:59:17.350 --> 0:59:23.820
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, you gotta band between the wing bases. You've got T1 and T2 or yellow T3
and T4 orange.
0:59:24.410 --> 0:59:26.60
Strange, Jamie
Umm so easy.
0:59:28.970 --> 0:59:30.780
Strange, Jamie
Still confused these two.
0:59:31.870 --> 0:59:33.170
Strange, Jamie
How to get your good view there though?
0:59:36.170 --> 0:59:41.760
Strange, Jamie
But just look at that. If you see this sort of general color pattern T1 and T2
yellow.
0:59:42.890 --> 0:59:52.530
Strange, Jamie
Three and four orange. Then look at that. That area in front of the wing bases
on the sort of shoulders of the bee. And if you've got black hair, intermix
there, then then you know you've got Flava fronts.
0:59:53.720 --> 0:59:54.60
Strange, Jamie
So.
0:59:56.340 --> 0:59:56.940
Strange, Jamie
Easy, right?
0:59:56.780 --> 0:59:57.520
Maffei, Clare J
Awesome.
0:59:58.690 --> 1:0:0.440
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you. UM.
1:0:1.410 --> 1:0:6.100
Maffei, Clare J
I can. Yeah. Are there any questions, comments, concerns?
1:0:20.550 --> 1:0:20.940
Strange, Jamie
Yes.
1:0:30.160 --> 1:0:30.380
Strange, Jamie
Yeah.
1:0:6.760 --> 1:0:31.820
Droege, Sam
Jamie, this is Sam. I've got a a quick question. So I've used to work in the
Badlands of South Dakota. And so we had a bunch of hunting eye, but we were
also concerned that we might be overlooking ternarius. So what's your? And I
never really quite resolved. I, you know, other than geography, but there are some
tension zones and you see stuff in Montana and whatnot being ideed.
1:0:37.200 --> 1:0:37.390
Droege, Sam
Yeah.
1:0:32.810 --> 1:0:40.80
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, yeah, I'm. I'm gonna stop my share here, Sam. Real quick and then? OK.
Yeah, I think ternarius.
1:0:40.810 --> 1:0:43.820
Strange, Jamie
So it turns almost always has a black face.
1:0:45.20 --> 1:0:48.760
Strange, Jamie
And so huntei ternarius, you can usually pull apart based on that face.
1:1:4.10 --> 1:1:4.400
Droege, Sam
Umm.
1:1:10.530 --> 1:1:10.860
Droege, Sam
Great.
1:1:4.460 --> 1:1:22.70
Strange, Jamie
Same sites there as well. So so it is a spot that you pull in these eastern
bees and you pull these western bees and and I think it's really it's it's
fascinating but it doesn't make them hard to ID does like we did that once too
where we had's from there and I was like I think this is ternarius and when we
ended up keeping it out that's what it came out to.
1:1:23.520 --> 1:1:26.670
Strange, Jamie
But I think that's the character that I would use for this too.
1:1:25.770 --> 1:1:27.370
Droege, Sam
Face color, yeah.
1:1:28.160 --> 1:1:31.930
Droege, Sam
Yeah. Do you? So one last question, do you believe in hybrids?
1:1:35.280 --> 1:1:38.310
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, yeah. I'm not sure about you.
1:1:35.370 --> 1:1:55.720
Droege, Sam
Or yeah, like, do you? I mean, do you find? I mean, yes, conceptually. But do
you find them? And you go like, this is a hybrid or to have molecular evidence
that that's a thing. You know, it seems to me like the old literature would
allocate some of these things. But my general thought is like, no, mostly there
aren't a lot of hybrids around.
1:2:1.940 --> 1:2:2.350
Droege, Sam
OK.
1:1:56.260 --> 1:2:12.590
Strange, Jamie
I think there's probably fewer hybrids than there is messiness and morphology
on. So are there. I mean, I think there's some evidence that some bees can, you
know, mate with each other. But I don't, you know.
1:2:19.520 --> 1:2:19.930
Droege, Sam
Mm-hmm.
1:2:13.860 --> 1:2:20.530
Strange, Jamie
I don't. I think, yeah, I'm less likely to assign something to a hybrid as a
bumblebee. I think most of them are pretty distinct.
1:2:21.190 --> 1:2:21.460
Droege, Sam
Yeah.
1:2:21.280 --> 1:2:21.690
Strange, Jamie
Umm.
1:2:23.90 --> 1:2:25.580
Droege, Sam
Yeah, they just become something question Mark.
1:2:26.340 --> 1:2:32.400
Strange, Jamie
Yeah, yeah, they're. I do have a little couple of units of things. I I still
don't know what they are, so.
1:2:45.420 --> 1:2:45.720
Strange, Jamie
Yeah.
1:2:32.660 --> 1:2:53.490
Droege, Sam
Umm yeah, I've just remember from the talks yesterday that ohh, you know there
actually you could look at, you know, maternal lines and morphology and come up
with a case for actual hybrids now. But I don't, I don't. I don't really know
that wasn't even used as a bee example. So I'm just like is that a is that a
thing OK.
1:2:54.50 --> 1:2:54.290
Strange, Jamie
Yeah.
1:2:55.390 --> 1:2:59.520
Strange, Jamie
Oh, Queen's arteries have a lot of yellow in the face, Jay says. OK.
1:3:0.790 --> 1:3:1.180
Droege, Sam
OK.
1:3:0.500 --> 1:3:17.160
Maffei, Clare J
Also, while you're looking at the chat, I'm going to leave the room I need to.
I need to stop the recording. I can go get the child, but I will leave the room
open so you can keep talking and point you, Jamie, to scroll up a little bit.
Laurel posted a few pictures of.
1:3:18.120 --> 1:3:21.620
Maffei, Clare J
I have where? Where were we? On hunting. I at the time wondering if that was
it.
1:3:23.130 --> 1:3:27.100
Maffei, Clare J
But murals probably still on, and you can carry on the conversation.
1:3:27.710 --> 1:3:28.740
Strange, Jamie
Are we in the chat here?
1:3:29.160 --> 1:3:30.310
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, if you scroll up in the chat.
1:3:31.150 --> 1:3:32.470
Strange, Jamie
OK, OK, I see.