Learn to ID Bees-20241002_130037-Meeting Recording

October 2, 2024, 5:00PM

49m 9s

Maffei, Clare J started transcription

Maffei, Clare J 0:04
To we're back on Andrina. Sam's gonna guide us through his little CHEAT SHEET. Which?
I shared on the e-mail. We now have a lot of stuff living in a Google Drive, so there's a link in your e-mail to Google Drive and there's sub link to the thing you have. Any questions navigating it? Just let me know.
But it has all of the things that were on the team.
Sam's gonna use that CHEAT SHEET.
Today, but he's not feeling the most hot and we are gonna. I'll be doing a lot of screen sharing and if we need to stop, we will stop because we don't wanna burn Sam out.

Droege, Sam 0:43
Wait. Or or he might pass out.

Maffei, Clare J 0:49
No, please don't appreciate it.

Droege, Sam 0:50
OK, right.

Maffei, Clare J 0:52
OK.
So I suppose that it would be a good idea if I shared my screen now.

Droege, Sam 0:53
Go from there.

Maffei, Clare J 0:59
What would you like to have up? Or are you going to share your screen with the Excel spreadsheet?

Droege, Sam 1:02
Let's yeah, let's do the let me share with the spreadsheet and then once we start talking about species, you can we can flip back and forth.
I think it is essentially what's gonna need to be happening, or maybe you would just run the spreadsheet too, but there's so many little categories, so let's look at.

Maffei, Clare J 1:19
I think it's easier for you to run the spreadsheet so you can scroll through it as you OK.

Droege, Sam 1:22
OK.
Yeah, we can start with that, OK.
All right. All right, thanks, Leh.

Maffei, Clare J 1:24
OK.
Great. Take it away.

Droege, Sam 1:28
Yeah, I'm a little under the weather, so I can't even identify fees, it turns out.
But I am able to talk.
So what we're gonna do today is look at the.
Group of BS that traditionally has been in Melanrina east of the Mississippi, or roughly east of Mississippi.
Currently there's a lot of flux in terms of the subgenera.
So for example, I believe that.
Andrina.
Why did the P Perplexa, which has very different renuto collar, has very strong?
Ears.
Or would not be another word for that has strong. Yeah, we'll call him there.
We'll call the mirrors I have.
I'm gonna be relatively inarticulate. Possibly too anyway.
They're not smooth.
It's not a smooth collar like most of the rest of the species.
I believe Confederate also has a bit of a.
Ear or Ridge on the pronotal collar.
We'll find out when we go through this so.

Maffei, Clare J 2:39
I was actually just working on that yesterday.
It's the angle and it's like scooped out behind the the angle there on the Ridge.

Droege, Sam 2:46
Mm hmm. OK OK.
So what we have is very similar to the track Andrina Excel file which is on the left we have the.
B. Species in the subgenus Melindrina.
We don't do not add in perplexa at the moment, but later.
Maybe we will.
It does.

Maffei, Clare J 3:05
Can you share?

Droege, Sam 3:06
Oh, sorry.
The Perplexa does vibe and I have found it in Barbara in particular.
Unit trains before because my quick, superficial look is like, oh, that's Barbara, but it's actually perplexa and easy enough to tell apart.
But if you don't look at the pronunci.
Ation. Most everything else very similar, right? Put that there.
And now?
Should see the Excel spreadsheet correct.
Where?

Maffei, Clare J 3:42
Correct. And then there's also I forgot to mention. I'm sorry and then I'll let you go.
I put in the chat 2 links that our friend David Capper has put a lot of work into.

Droege, Sam 3:46
OK. Yeah.

Maffei, Clare J 3:52
One is just his general glossary.
That will probably be referring to today and the his guide to guide specifically for Andrina, which has a lot of really great character pictures on it.

Droege, Sam 4:03
Yeah.
Today. So first of all, this group is often super common.
So you can get we have thousands of specimens in some of these species categories and they all need to be gone through in the past. There's been a fair amount of confusion based on the identification guides being a little.
Too strict in terms of if it has this, then it's the species 1 character thing and our approach has been a lot of times. These single characters can work.
But other times, we'll want to look at a suite of characters in Case 1 character is obscured or as corroboration.
So the way this thing is set up is first column species. The remainder of columns are characters, and within the cells are the states of the characters and if.
A species in the front, as you can see, some of them are red.
So there's a red.
The the lettering is red and that means that there is one character that will pull out. If you can see it, pull out the species from all the rest.
So that's something to be aware of and memorize.
Your that character and we will, we will investigate them because we have many characters to look at and if we look elsewhere we see that there is yellow highlighting yellow.
Highlighting indicates that this particular character.
Is something that is useful or maybe required in terms of a string of characters to differentiate that particular species from others. If we look at column B, we see that F2 length thy width.
There's only one species that is both yellow and red, so we see that komoda is F2.
Has basically equal width and length.
Sometimes this is difficult to see, but you can see all the remainder.
I'm not sure why pruning and obscure penis are not there.
Perhaps they got inadvertently trimmed, but I think.
They're also in that boat.
I'll have to go update it.
In any case, the red indicates like there you go. If it's 1:00 to 1:00, then that's Komodo.
We'll come back to what, what Komodo likes and doesn't like in terms of habitat and geography, that kind of thing.
And then the next column gives similar to gives other species that could be identified as the species in that row.
And and again with Kamota, there is one and only one that has one by one F2.
Length by width, so really is nothing there that needs to be accounted for. If we look one up, we see oh Carlini is similar to lupinorum and when we start looking to the right, we probably see more and we see, oh, black along the inner edges of eyes.
Black hair. So it says face hair colour.
So there's black hairs along the inner edges of the eye and black upper.
Rear of cheek so that is super useful and something I use all the time. Label process semicircular.
And so forth. And then you can compare by hiding or moving things around that species to loopin Oram, which is listed down here.
Why is it that this species is going to be similar to Carlini?
And you can kind of compare notes there and see what the differences are using these different colors.
So if we just go through and we look at face color, most are pale.
There's a couple black.
That have black on the face.
We look at Laboral process.
The subgenous melting has very big labral processes and the shapes are usually very I would say obvious.
So you can see Barbara trapezoid.
Carlini semicircular and so on down the list.
Some it could be either semicircular 2 trapezoids, so not the greatest character, and you'll see whether it's yellow or not, that if.
To indicate whether it's helpful.
So here you can see.
I'm wondering if I.
Inadvertently flipped some of these characters cuz it says T 0.
Why would it say that?
I'm gonna say I should go back and maybe Claire has this in a better shape somewhere online that looks like a overtime, a inadvertent delete.
Able process pitting, not something.
I use that much.
But if we're down here in vicinity, we see that a useful character is none too few visible at the rim.
But this is largely due to lack of hairs or crista.
So the Krista are a little sunburst of hair at that region.
So label process margin.
So here we can see a lot of the kinds of things that we look at when we look at margins, we see that.
Some are.
Slightly imaginate.
So basically slightly concave entire to slightly imaginary, so some in some cases there is.
No, there is no concavity to the label process RIM and you can see that a bunch of them have well, this and that. And there is this one elini where we see strongly marginal to bidentate so.
That is useful for helping and different from most.
So we have Novalis which also is a margin to identify look over here.
Novellus has some secret character weapon to display for us later.
So forth, we see different kinds of categories of things here could be a surface can be useful, but you see there is absolutely no yellow in here.
So it's more of a maybe a double check. Maybe someone said it was useful and we support it. And then we're like not use not as useful as the other people might have thought.
Someone can tell us, hey, this actually is useful.
Love to hear it.
22 through three hair O we're looking at the tour guides and we're looking at Second Tour Guide and the Third Tour Guide from the Joint with The Lorax, and there's two things that stand out in yellow.
So from Barbara, you see that there are faint hair bands only at the far side.
So in other words, it's not a strongly.
Should we say a strongly marked with hairs on the rim species as some are?
It's just faintly OK, surface easily visible beneath.
So basically you just have a have more than nothing and you have more than in the middle, but it's not something that is completely obscuring the surface and it's at the far sides. When we go further down, we see Dunning eye, no hair bands whatsoever.
And we see among several of the others, different kinds of.
Categories of hair man's weak to strong there in hilarious so.
Pop up usefulish to look at.
And when we go to the next one, we have the vertex.
So the vertex would be the distance from the lateral to the back of the head, and this is generally a character of melindrina.
And many, but not all cases. So if we look here.
We see that most of them are at this level of two, a cellular grader, so there's quite a gap between the aselli and the back of the head, but not all.
So again, we go back and look at 4:00 or yellow.
Plus red. And we see oh, confederada is really not playing the game, so it is considered maybe now it's not, but at least.
In terms of provisions, in the past it's considered to be a melodrama.
But what we see is the vertex height is only one to 1 1/2 sizes of pitting.
And there's other things too, but that's a pretty indicative thing.
It's a very short vertex compared to oh, wait, or do I have that?
Yeah, it's confederate.
So let me highlight that.
So here we are, Confederate, a very short 1 to 1 1/2. I have a phone coming on and I'm going to just let it roll over.
I have no way to.
Primitives who is calling 314.
I'm not sure what that is, OK?
So.
And now it is gone.
So when we look at pits on T2, this this column here K we see how the patterns are pitting occurs on that segment.
And there's different things going on here. We have, like you see at the top base pits average two to four pits apart, so barely broad.
But there are pits.
And then we when we look at the depressed area, so this is the part of the rim that is lower by a slight bit, OK.
So we often call that other people call that the depressed area.
Depressed RIM, that is just a good demarcation of the abdomen that is useful as a the stuff usually going on too at that at these junctures.
But it also is something that we can readily see with maybe a little bit of practice and we can see that.
So Pitts invade.
So here we say this happens commonly.
Well, there are pits on T2, let's say.
And the pits invade the depressed area alright, which is reasonably wide and about 25 to 50% of the way to the rim.
So in other words, there are pits on the depressed area of T2, but they don't go all the way to the rim.
So there's still a big chunk of the rim that is unpitted, and you can go down and see that we have.
Different things with slightly not even worth trying to differentiate different sizes in the.
The dispersion of the pits and how far into the T2 to the invade, and then we go down, and we finally get to a yellow one, which says this is important for in this case Confederate. And it says pits tiny and difficult to see, very unlike the.
Rest of these and.
Due to high tessellation.
So there are tessellations.
So when we talk about tessellations, those are.
The micro lines that crisscross the segment so **** greening is another word, tessellation.
Micro. What's that word? Micro.
Micro lines.
Small little tiny lines that make the segment skin and take EM in.
Excuse me.
Darn cold.
Due to mix the.
Tessellations of the background.
And in many cases not.
Confederate right, confederate.
It's a very dull, highly.
Segment and that's pretty indicative that you probably are looking at a Confederate versus something where you have some combination of tessellations. But in many cases it's pretty darn smooth. In other words, there's no tessellation.
It's shiny and glossy.
Let's see what else we have.
Oops. See that's how things disappears in.
So we're gonna get put that back.
It's two to four pits apart and so forth.
We keep going down.
These are all pretty similar, and here we have elini base pits average two to four, similar to the above, usually widely invaded the depressed area, so widely invaded that rim area at about the same density, using more than 50% of the way to the rim, so that.
A bit different, so that can be used.
In the.
The the considerations of what species you have. If we look here.
As we go down, it's similar. If we look to the general.
You know, pit densities that everything has.
But here, with Regularis, a northern species base pits average two to four pits apart.
OK.
That's pretty far apart, usually only partially invading the depressed area less than 50% of the way.
So that is useful to know in conjunction with some other features for regularis and we go on to.
Other species. Can I just raise that one?
Yeah, I think I have.
Erased a couple things here by accident.
We'll have to resurrect them.
OK, stern a hair color. So most of the time.
So that's the hair underneath.
The sternites are white.
This is important for Carlini it's white.
But here we have a different one.
The only one that says Black, which is lupinora.
So if it's got black.
Underneath the sternites it is lupinorum, so that's a nice character.
They tend to be small so.
Beware.
When we move down to S8, what we're seeing is the 8th sternite and the 8th sternite is a wee little thing.
It's basically like a a small.
Single.
Paddle often, like projecting.
Hey, I don't know how to quite describe it, but it's sticking out sometimes.
It's hidden in the sternites that are depressed.
Sometimes it's just in there and you have to kind of look for it amidst many other kinds of things. It's often about the same height as all the other kinds of features, including genitalia, which this is not, or if it is it's ancillary structural part of the Gen.
So I'm going to say it's not.
And so the 8th sternite almost always ends.
As a small popsicle, stick with something on the end that can be characteristic.
So if we look at S8 and look at, you can see there's all kinds of interesting imaginates scallops, slightly scallop, a lot of it is not super.
Helpful because it's maybe this maybe that kind of thing, but then we get to a couple.
So Eleni, straight across or slightly scalloped.
So that's going to be useful when. Oh, did I miss pronunciation triangle?
We'll go back to that.
That's gonna be useful.
In the separation of Eleni from others and when we go further down, we see a red yellow.
So that's an indication that something here is unlike everything else for a species, in this case nevalis.
So Nevalis has the tip is bidentate and basically it's AB shaped fork.
It looks just like this.
Very similar if you're familiar with Airgenia.
Nails just a very relatively thin fork.
Super obvious, not subtle.
So if you see that you know you have an analysis and then some of these other things are useful in conjunction, but not as you can see down here, it says fair amount of variation.
So if we go back here.
Yeah. So I missed this, so.
Podium tip of triangle and you'll see this is a tricky 1.
Maybe that I internally decided to skip it on purpose.
So if you look from the top at the back of the thorax.
You're basically looking at the proponium. There is what is known in bidam the property L triangle and the tip of that. Usually not, not always, but in andrina it does bend down and the tip.
This is triangle.
Remember the tip of the triangle is going to be on the rear face of the.
Specimen. So all well and good. They all more or less do that.
There's some that really have lost a lot of the striations.
But the andrina have that property.
Triangle if not with striations, cause some of them do have relatively.
Sparse striations.
So these are the lines that run from the base to the front, to the tip and.
So they can have very sparse tips.
Very sparse striations, but the tip is usually defined bilateral lines.
In other words, you can see the edges of a triangle, whether they're striations in there or not.
So the key here is the whether that triangle on the backside of the specimen it.
And this is something where we should probably have more and more.
Well, I'm. I'm wondering if David Capert has this.
The transition is relatively smooth. In other words, it's just it just is a bent.
So you like if you took the triangle and bent the tip down, you can make it sharp. In other words, there's a crisp line there where you can make it.
Just sort of transition smoothly.
To them I have a smooth transition and.
A couple have a very abrupt as if bent like sheet metal.
So at the very tip 7/8 of the way down, it's like we're moving that tip. Yep.

Maffei, Clare J 22:51
I.
I stole the screen to share it because this is a particularly good one on his glossary.

Droege, Sam 22:57
OK.
Yeah, it is a OK.
Are you showing it now?

Maffei, Clare J 23:05
Yep, it's just up on the screen.
So that there are good visuals as you are comparing them.

Droege, Sam 23:12
Great.

Maffei, Clare J 23:13
Navalis is actually on here.
So not all of these that he has on here are clearly melodrama. But to give, especially as Sam was talking about, the how it bends over to the side, how that affects the proportions.

Droege, Sam 23:28
Hmm.
And it's even there.
It's a little difficult to see because you're looking more straight down rather than maybe laterally or, you know, like is this it right here or not?
Is that a sharp?
Just remember it's 7/8 to the tip.
So is that sharply defined?
Is this sharply defined?
This is track andrina, so yeah.
Lot to learn.
So again, always worth trips to.
Museums, that's what they're there for.
And ask them, you know beforehand.
Can I come in and study my melodrama files?
Or in some cases we have some extras and it can pass those out.
So should we? OK, great. Thanks.

Maffei, Clare J 24:17
OK, given the screen back to you now.

Droege, Sam 24:23
OK so.
We're looking at the essay, but we looked at the tip.
External hair color S8 Morgan wing color.
So this is another tricky one. Throughout all the guides.
So when you have large collections of bees, often it becomes apparent when you are looking at large collections of bees like, oh, some of these have a very dark dusky wing pattern. And then when you get a little bit.
Involved with them.
You find like, oh, these are different species.
The problem is that if you don't have comparative thing, then this notion of is it dusky or is it not? Dusky is ambiguous most of the time, so there are a few cases where it is essentially really dark black.
So think for example about the bombas group that includes Pervadas Pennsylvania.
What's the southern bumble bee?
Which is I can't remember oracomus they all.
Like they pop in a collection like oh, there is this very dark.
Wing pattern and so that that can be like a hint. And but if you only had one then the problem is like oh I only have one. Is that really?
Dark or dusky or not? If it's been around for a long time I the tips are shredded.
Maybe it's less dark, so it's should be taken with a grain of salt.
So here I'm sure.
Penis very clearly, dark brown, but I can't remember which one it is but.
Say Novalis hilarious dunningey may also have something a bit dark too.
Anyway, so you can see a lot of EM don't say clear, they say slightly dusky so, but again, when you're looking at tons and tons and you're like, am I looking at one or two things, paying attention to the wing color can be useful and be like, OK.
I need to look more at this species.
That is presenting as darker.
4 characters or, you know, send it off. OK, now at the very tip of not the very tip, but S6. So the six sternite. If you turn a specimen upside down and look laterally.
So you're looking at the side of S6. You'll see that there's different shapes going on. So some and you can see several that are.
Have yellow markings that indicate that this is this is useful.
So Barbara is one that I almost always.
Find useful.
It's like.
So the tip there of S6, so you know, depending on how you hold it, if I'm looking at S6, I'm looking at it upside down South.
It's raised up, not raised down South.
The lingo here can be a little confusing.
Perhaps so.
The raised line at the end.
So the tip is comes up like this like the prow of a boat, OK.
Many other species are flat, so there's no raised area.
In the air and you can see there's a horse variations, but if you have a strongly raised proud the boat kind of thing that's part of your packet of potentially useful characters, that's gonna help you move towards something, to move away from others with this group it pay.
To not be so black and white. In other words, go through.
Look at the species that you have and sort of score it for the different characters and you can copy and paste it down below or you can mark a whole.
Thing like, oh, it came out to this, but it also came out to that and then reiterate, like maybe even look at other keys to see did I did I nail that or not?
And so this this becomes something that and then you can go through all the characters in that line as a validation.
A verification.
Well, I'm not sure why that came up.
So that's SX rim. And when we look here.

Maffei, Clare J 28:48
So I'm sorry Jean pointed out that we weren't screen sharing anymore.
I was busy taking notes on my own screen and didn't notice my bad.

Droege, Sam 28:53
Oh, sorry.
Right, right.
I will.
Either it's unimportant or no one is paying attention to anything I say.
Except Jean, who has been a B lab hero for decades.
OK, so share content.
Screen.
And open global protect.
And.
OK. We'll go and look.
Anything here matters. We'll go now.
To Melinda males again, and I'm not sure again why this is here.
Minimize. OK.
So we were talking about.
Go back A6 rim, raise, plow like a boat.
And then prior to that, we were talking about color of wing, not in this traditional sense, but in the sense of it's still translucent, but darkened in a lot of cases.
So you see the difference between dark brown and dusky?
A little tricky in terms of absolute, but if you have a long series you can often see these are different.
And move them into some of those categories.
Based on wing color and then keep iterating that.
That's the idea is don't get into. I'm keying everything out mode and I will be right 'cause you won't be so S6.
So there's different shapes to the rim, and now that's next rim. Now this is a kind of a tricky one. You put it in there because it does seem to be patterns, but it is definitely down the list of.
Things that need to be considered.
What we're looking at is.
S5 alright.
And you have to watch out for confusion. It says in the notes with S7 so.
When we look at S6, we see it's in comparison to S5.
So we're saying height of S6 rim hair less than hair on S5.
And it's easy to see the integument. And then we go through these kind of characters. Most of them are not highlighted because.
They might be useful, in other words, if you look at these, you can see that.
One particular set of specimens all has this S6 rim presentation, and that's useful for you.
But it's not useful in terms of a key. It's like you want to look at that and see if things are lining up and if it's like, no, these are very different, then you should be thinking that maybe they are different.
So down here we do have a interesting one that.
I believe Wally Labourge said.
Or maybe it was, Mitchell said.
This species prunei very uncommon, but the actuality is it is a species. We see all the time and it is something that is part of the forest environment, as are most of these things. Most of these species are big and they are on woody plants often.
Things like rosacea, rosaceas plants and.
Other BlackBerry similar things like that.
The upcoming handy B.
Not handy, but the upcoming Maryland DC paper that Claire and I are working on and others will have a lot of that kind of information to present in terms of actual what species are these things using?
Answer mostly. Often it's woody plants of different kinds.
So S6, REM, we look down here.
Pruney the basics of it is that they.
Are just. It's very fluffy and it's the hairs are sort of an S shape. When you take a look at them from the side and they're very pronounced so way more in terms of their projection than any other species.
And so I use that all the time as like this might be prune up it is.
And it's common.
It's way more common than people.
Initially thought so.

Maffei, Clare J 33:23
OK, I'm gonna. Before we go too much further 'cause. We're like, about halfway through your spreadsheet.

Droege, Sam 33:24
Yep.
Mm hmm.

Maffei, Clare J 33:30
And we go in quickly.
So I haven't been able to pull up quick pictures quite too fast, but so are there questions?

Droege, Sam 33:34
OK.

Maffei, Clare J 33:37
They're not in the chat.
Let's give Sam a break for a second so I can pull up pictures that you guys want.
So you can unmute or you can put it in the chat. If there are features that we've gone through that you would really like to see on the screen and I'll try to pull them up.

Droege, Sam 33:53
We can come back next week as we almost certainly will, to go through each species in detail rather than, oh, look at this one.
It's got this and give a a sort of a completer assessment notion.
ID whatever for a species when I'm more coherent, hopefully.

Maffei, Clare J 34:17
I said is also a plan.

Droege, Sam 34:19
Yes.

Maffei, Clare J 34:21
Gone through a lot of broad characters and.
Questions. Comments.

Droege, Sam 34:26
Yeah, fix.
It's a lovely group.
Bye one that causes anxiety sometimes.
Should we go on?

Maffei, Clare J 34:39
Nobody has indicated and we've given it a few amount of time, so.

Droege, Sam 34:43
OK.
OK. And then people?

Maffei, Clare J 34:45
Oh wait, can you show the triangle abrupt dip?

Droege, Sam 34:47
Can.

Maffei, Clare J 34:51
So you mean the?

Droege, Sam 34:57
I.
I don't have that.
I think you have that with David Keppert's or not.
Or do we have to go get it special for next time?
It should be there, right?

Maffei, Clare J 35:08
Let's see.
Oh, so by the way, the labral process, I put that in the chat.
Really good pictures on here.
As I scroll, you see a sense.
So is this what you mean?
The different abrupts here or in the curved?
Matthew.
No, Mike.

Droege, Sam 35:41
People can ask questions, people can come back and ask very specific questions that we can gather together.
And express.

Maffei, Clare J 35:53
Have some proponium fees next time.

Droege, Sam 36:06
OK.

Maffei, Clare J 36:06
All right. Well, let's jump back to Sam and I can always.
Screen share again, just put it in the chat or you know you guys can also interrupt.

Droege, Sam 36:18
And we can add it to our various guides. It would be nice to have all the melange in a mail picture with pictures, right and illuminating all this fair amount of work.
But you know that's where we wanna go, OK?
I'm gonna click here.
And.
Now we I think are back and we will go.
To.
OK.
So.
We now are looking at S4 hair patterns and that was different from the S.
We'll know. We didn't talk about that S6 rim hair, so we have this weird situation where the pruning is just basically a little big fluffy hairdo that really stands out.
This next one length of branches of on hairs on S4, given in diameters of the main trunk of those hairs.
So what's going on here on S4?
There are hairs.
And they are longish, and I would say all of them have branches, not super dense, but some branches nonetheless.
And in the scheme of things, some species have very short branches and you'll see here that our measurement is in lengths or widths of the main stem.
So we have one to two, one to three.
That kind of thing.
And then we have.
Some.
More hairy, I would call them specimens where the length of the hairs are five to six.
So they're they're three to five and that can be useful.
It's difficult because absolutes here are hard, but if you're trying to figure out things and you have a whole series, it'd be like, oh, this is much more hairy underneath than this one. That could be a clue.
And here are some clue links.
OK, this next, yeah.

Maffei, Clare J 38:27
Ma'am, how does one measure the width of the hair trunk shaft?
What mag is needed?

Droege, Sam 38:35
So I would say so the kind of microscopic I generally use, what is my ultimate magnification?
So I have 60.
60X here because I have a 10X ocular and the little rotating knob gets to 60. Many people have less than that, like 40 some.
And if you're doing Bosch and Lums, you usually have again.
10X Oculus and then you have a zero to 30s, zero to 35.
Not. Maybe not zero, but up to 35, maybe 40 X.
So you multiply the two together so.
In general, I don't even know what I have at home.
They're all use microscopes.
I would say you probably can get away with seeing these kinds of things at the level of 40 X.
You have to, you know, Jack it all the way up.
And spend some time looking at it.
60X probably better.
I do at times.
Run the magnification way up.
But a lot of the times I don't.
So why don't my general observations and?
Work with the microscope is at a, let's say, a 30X kind of situation.
Maybe a little more.
Maybe a little less.
And the reason for that is I can see more like it's AI can find what I'm looking for and I can see the area in relationship.
To the rest of the area, SO60X is great if you're really dialing in. Not necessary if you have options.
Like what should I get then? I tell people get a 60X.
You know you won't be disappointed.
And you most of the time will probably be using less of a magnification. Does that make sense?
OK, we can come back to that if people want.
So S4 hair pattern. So when we look at S4 hair pattern here it's another thing. So.
On the S4, so the 4th sternal character when you turn it over and look at it, you'll see that along.
So when we talk about the hair along the rim, often there are two sets of hairs.
It depends.
One set of hairs is relatively long and another set of hairs could be absent or could also be long, or it could be dense or not dense.
So this is an attempt to.
Codify or illuminate what the S4 hair pattern might be, and you can see here. Confetti again has a set of. This is again something that only confederada has has a set of short weekly plumos hairs that line the rim that so right along the rim that are.
About the same length on the hairs, I don't know if that's a proper wording about the same length.
As the hairs on the rest of the segment, in other words, they're not longer, most of these other species have long hairs.
Like the hairs are.
You know clearly.
Let's call them longer than the other hairs on the the rest of the segment. And then it goes on to say there is no obvious latitudinal row of long hairs.
All the remaining hairs.
Click on that.
So in other words, there's not two sets, and so there's no obvious longitudinal set of long hair set where all the remaining hairs are similar in size of scattered sparsly throughout the segment.
So basically it's a segment, a hairyish segment.
Hairs are not too long and there's no differentiation between the hairs.
They all are about the same size and that's unique to Confederate.
We look at everything else and often there's, like here single. Let's look at this one has a short.
As a set of short weekly plumos hairs that line the rim, these are about half the length of the long hairs found just behind that row.
Two sets of long hairs. And then it says relatively hairier, so and so forth.
So again, trying to codify some of these things about these specimens.
So we look at S4.
One more time.
This is something that I believe Mitchell really obsessed on.
So in terms of differentiating the different species, so if you turn them over S4.
So sometimes there's pits that are uniform throughout the whole segment, and sometimes there's pits that are only on the rim of the segment and those.
Are useful for splitting out the species if you can see them, because a lot of times S4 is hidden or crumpled or all that.
The next thing labral transverse lines. This is mentioned by Laberge and I have had. I have to say a difficult time really seeing these patterns.
So I sketched in some notes, but I am not confident that I'm representing these well.
Anyone else can pipe up?
Let me know.
And then there's just some special features that some species have.
So Barbara, we say here Dunningey and Barbara have relatively narrow S8 N structures.
So that's that popsicle stick thing. Barbara's general hair tends to be white, while Dunning eyes tends to be yellowish. In terms of differentiating 2 similar things.
And when we go to the next so Carlini while difficult to describe the S8 and nearby structure has.
Dense hair. That project probably projects rearrwards toward the abdomen, tip at right angles to the tip of.
Oops SA often having an oranges cast. You just have. This is not a difficult species.
It's also super common when you start looking for it. You can see this orangish cast fuzzy thing at the tip of S8, and it's a good character.
But the species is easy to identify for many other things, Komodo says a little note, tarsal segments and parts of tibia, often orange and here.
Ears, usually with a yellowish cast, so not the white of Barbara.
Hilarious basis of hair is on T6 with a strong yellow cast.
So another yellowish thing and base of hair on T6 only.
So that's the very end and we have also Eleni noticeably yellow hairs down here when we're looking at regularis basis of hairs on T6 with a white to off white cast.
So that's near the tip, or basically the tip.
Of the specimen. And then we go down to say, eye triangy 1.
Mostly it's identified very plain Jane.
By the abrupt tip for that species.
And it's not apparently common.
Sa is very flat, wide and sharper.
Sharp outer edge might be a good character, not sure about other species, so this is just a note to look at this uncommon species and see if that can be there.
Vicinas, which is a common species, surprisingly difficult. So there's information on.
S4 pitting.
And also T6, the very tip, often with a chocolate brown cast to the hairs.
Often you have to look to the side, not black. Sort of a chocolate brown.
Give me an indication of Vicente.
That's it.
That's what I got.
And we can talk about those characters.
And we can come back next week and go species by species and talk about.
Species things you know, like, let's put it all together instead of really focusing on.
The individual characters.

Maffei, Clare J 47:24
Pam, would you mind scrolling up a little bit the copy of the spreadsheet that I have does not have that little comma there we go.
We're I'll type that tarsal segments and parts of tibia, often orange into the Google Drive one, so everybody has an update.

Droege, Sam 47:35
OK.
That is a good one, yeah.
We should compare notes player because I'm I think oh wait, I use this all the time and I think you know you highlight something and then you hit a tab and it's gone.
So I think there's several other things that should be repatriated by yes.

Maffei, Clare J 48:02
We can do that.

Droege, Sam 48:06
OK.
I'm ready for a nap.
Probably everyone else is.

Maffei, Clare J 48:11
Yeah, I think we should let you go.
You just did a lot of a lot of walking through.
I think we kind of addressed the features that were in the chat. Anybody else?

Droege, Sam 48:22
Hmm.

Maffei, Clare J 48:22
Here for.
Some clarification of any of these features before we do a lot of one by ones next week.

Droege, Sam 48:33
Hmm.

Maffei, Clare J 48:34
Speak now or forever hold your peace until next week.
We're getting a lot of support for nap time, so.

Droege, Sam 48:50
Apps OK.

Maffei, Clare J 48:50
Why don't we just let you go now?

Droege, Sam 48:52
Thanks. Thanks everyone. All right.

Maffei, Clare J 48:54
Thank you, Sam.
That was a lot. You're good.

Droege, Sam 48:56
You.

Maffei, Clare J 48:57
You are a champion. We approve of you.

Droege, Sam 48:58
Right.
OK, whatever.
I'm just going to sleep now. OK bye everyone.

Maffei, Clare J 49:07
Bye everyone.

Maffei, Clare J stopped transcription