00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.960
Droege, Sam
All right. Are we ready?
00:00:01.570 --> 00:00:03.080
Maffei, Clare J
You're all good.
00:00:03.460 --> 00:00:14.070
Droege, Sam
OK, alright. So today we're gonna jump into Mega Kylie. We started a little bit
last time, but now we're going to officially start parsing through Mike's key.
00:00:15.070 --> 00:00:28.680
Droege, Sam
As first of all I get to learn some of mikes
identification guides. A lot of them are paralleled in the Discover Life app
and we're going to, you know, reflect back and forth
between them. We'll start with the females and move into the males.
00:00:29.740 --> 00:00:38.580
Droege, Sam
I've got pretty good specimen selection here in the lab, so I think we'll be
able to run with that. So I'm going to share.
00:00:39.510 --> 00:00:40.440
Droege, Sam
My.
00:00:41.660 --> 00:00:45.400
Droege, Sam
Computer. And then we're going to jump to.
00:00:46.480 --> 00:00:47.580
Droege, Sam
Be.
00:00:48.520 --> 00:00:49.150
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:00:50.560 --> 00:00:51.190
Droege, Sam
The key.
00:00:52.350 --> 00:01:01.940
Droege, Sam
And we'll talk about a couple things here first. So
Mike splits his key in the beginning and it takes a little while to sort of get
the hang of this and.
00:01:02.560 --> 00:01:32.960
Droege, Sam
Umm, which is he separates the parallel sided species from the not parallel
sided species. So this is referring to the abdomen. A
kind of like serotina. So with serotina. You know the
abdomen is like a I think of it as almost like a water
bottle. Ribbed but relatively parallel sighted. So
within the mega Kylie females and the males to some extent too but particularly
the females you have specimens that are.
00:01:33.930 --> 00:02:02.960
Droege, Sam
Have the tourguides are at least say one through four are about the same
distance. This is the problem. It's ending about thing. So
after a bit you know it when you see it, but it's a little bit difficult to
quantify. So we'll see a whole series of parallel
sided things here to begin with to get your eyeball up. You can see them also
when you can go through and look at financial list or just.
00:02:03.080 --> 00:02:26.840
Droege, Sam
The Google Apps these pictures too to get a sense of parallel, not parallel,
but I'll keep coming back to that and we'll reflect on it. So
the first specimen we're gonna look at is pagnotta. So again, Mike's keys goes off splitting out the two. Now we're gonna jump right
in here to the first of the parallel sided ones and.
00:02:03.800 --> 00:02:04.060
Ingrid Carmean (Guest)
Cool.
00:02:26.920 --> 00:02:40.040
Droege, Sam
Umm, we have a very distinct species pug, nata, and I've got it up on the scope
already. And let's get it at full screen. Oops, that was the wrong.
00:02:40.820 --> 00:02:50.110
Droege, Sam
Combination control, alt shift F in this weird scope thing. So
if we here's a shot of the abdomen now.
00:02:50.820 --> 00:03:20.910
Droege, Sam
You with a lot of experience, you could look at that and say that's parallel
sided, but the reality is you know there is still this curve here going on and
the widest width tends to be about in the center of the longitudinal length of
the abdomen, whereas in the non parallel sided species you basically are going
from relatively wide and tapering down to relatively narrow at the end it's
more of.
00:03:21.010 --> 00:03:53.110
Droege, Sam
A triangular, I guess type of thing where the weighted the the greatest width
is much more towards the front of the Abbot. Again, we'll look at this as we go
by. So Pugnac data is very distinct, has very distinct character, which we're
gonna show here in a second. But it's also a large, very large make Kylie has
kind of what they would call dark or infuscate Red Wings. So
you'll see them at this time of year.
00:03:53.960 --> 00:04:06.500
Droege, Sam
They love sunflowers and other things, and we're going to take
a look and the head is kind of big and broad, but it's the side of the
head and the.
00:04:06.980 --> 00:04:09.260
Droege, Sam
Uh mandibles that.
00:04:10.150 --> 00:04:15.020
Droege, Sam
Or very distinct. And so I gotta take off the.
00:04:16.820 --> 00:04:21.040
Droege, Sam
The label and we'll get into that so.
00:04:21.990 --> 00:04:30.300
Droege, Sam
It's not in the key per se, but if you look at the face this pattern here of
the.
00:04:32.510 --> 00:04:32.920
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:04:33.930 --> 00:04:34.280
Droege, Sam
Oops.
00:04:38.440 --> 00:04:38.830
Droege, Sam
Of the.
00:04:38.910 --> 00:04:47.250
Droege, Sam
At the edge of the clip is. So here's the clipeus
roughly here. And as is in several of the.
00:04:48.570 --> 00:05:03.020
Droege, Sam
Species of Mega Kylie, but very dramatically so. Here you have a a lot of
bumps. Dental kills or tiny teeth or whatnot. So this
pattern, this big, broad one and then a couple of these smaller ones is
relatively.
00:05:03.980 --> 00:05:21.690
Droege, Sam
Dramatic compared to almost all the other species. Additionally, you have a
relatively dramatic mandible, so this mandible as we turn the specimen will
also be even more obvious. It sticks way out. It forms this really.
00:05:22.130 --> 00:05:32.040
Droege, Sam
Umm, big set of choppers. There is a cutting tooth and
you'll see in Mikes key he calls these cutting teeth.
00:05:33.680 --> 00:06:00.130
Droege, Sam
Cutting margins is probably a better name. We might convert to that in the DL
guides too, so you have well again, we'll see this over and
over again. You have the teeth. So if we start
way out here, it's curves a lot. So tooth number one.
And so the counting system starts from the very outermost
tooth, and it includes the tip of the mandible, which.
00:06:01.770 --> 00:06:09.260
Droege, Sam
Counts in our books as a tooth, as does the very rear of the mandible. So here's 1/2.
00:06:10.390 --> 00:06:23.830
Droege, Sam
It's not easy to see the remainder here. Through that, there's three, and
there's probably a fourth one back there. But because the mandibles closed, you
can't see it well and it stark, but.
00:06:24.480 --> 00:06:39.680
Droege, Sam
You can see here this sinus, this uh emarginate area between 2 two and three
over here. And then there's this thing. So this is
the. This is why they're leaf cutters, right. So they have these cutting edges.
00:06:40.660 --> 00:07:01.850
Droege, Sam
That are placed between the teeth in a in a variety of different patterns, and
sometimes those patterns are extremely useful, so impregnate you have this big
tooth here. We'll see all sorts of other ones in some basically the tooth or
the cutting margin will lie between the two teeth there.
00:07:02.650 --> 00:07:30.840
Droege, Sam
Umm. And you know in a knife like way so big mandible,
big head, big body, lots of stuff going on in the clipeus. But the Gimme on
this is the side of the head. But you do have to look at the side of the head
to see it. And so sometimes if you're not immediately going on that might be
pushed out of maybe I'll check for this projection on the cheek.
00:07:32.460 --> 00:08:02.310
Droege, Sam
Little bit difficult to see here, but OK, let's back up and pull the head down
and what we're looking at so you can see from the side. First
of all, here's the Clipeus again edge. And not only are there these
small knobs or dental tools as you might call them sticking out from the rim of
the clip is, but they also also stick up. So again, pretty
dramatic and look at the.
00:08:02.400 --> 00:08:24.940
Droege, Sam
These are closed, so these mandibles, even when closed, are dramatically
projecting. And the kicker though, because no other species has this in the
region is you can look at the side of the head. It was just quite wide. So this area here is wider than the eye. But down here a
little bit hidden in the.
00:08:26.750 --> 00:08:27.710
Droege, Sam
In the.
00:08:29.920 --> 00:08:35.280
Droege, Sam
Here's is trying to do two things at once, and we're going to see at
projecting.
00:08:35.980 --> 00:08:45.310
Droege, Sam
Umm, protruding projection tooth, if you will. So this
is actually the side of the face. And here is the tooth.
00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:48.880
Droege, Sam
It's I'm trying to.
00:08:49.680 --> 00:09:09.060
Droege, Sam
Show that it's hidden by some of these hairs. I'll flip it to the other side
too. So the way so several things this, like collectus
legatus has this to it's as if the head were made of clay and you pinched a
piece and pulled it out. So you have this projecting
dull tooth like thing. Nothing else has that.
00:09:10.000 --> 00:09:18.570
Droege, Sam
Umm, so that would tell you right away. It's plugged, nada. These things show
up in trap nests fairly regularly too. Let's flip to the
other side.
00:09:19.850 --> 00:09:21.960
Droege, Sam
Take a look at that.
00:09:25.440 --> 00:09:26.610
Droege, Sam
And we're seeing.
00:09:27.940 --> 00:09:46.540
Droege, Sam
The number of characters here, so that shows that even more dramatically. So
again, very wide cheek, this is extended and pulled out into this projecting
horn like tooth or objection and however you want and that's gonna tell you
right away that that's plugged not up.
00:09:48.600 --> 00:09:49.250
Droege, Sam
So.
00:09:50.990 --> 00:10:21.740
Droege, Sam
Wouldn't it be great if all species were like that in a bit? We're going to
talk about because it's more characteristics, but in the discover life guides in particular, one of the best characters to look at
is what's going on on S6. SO S6 has hairs on it and there's patterns to the
coloration and there's patterns to the very tip. And there's patterns to the
amount of hair.
00:10:22.130 --> 00:10:32.520
Droege, Sam
Often with a bare spot in the middle, that again really helps separate out the
species and can do that relatively quickly. All right, I'm putting.
00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:35.550
Droege, Sam
Miss Pagnotta back.
00:10:36.330 --> 00:10:48.270
Droege, Sam
In her box, and we'll flip back to the key. We're looking at the key here
again. So anyway, agnatic just comes out all by itself. Then we're confronted
with this.
00:10:49.900 --> 00:10:53.430
Droege, Sam
Thing here where we have the.
00:10:54.950 --> 00:11:11.200
Droege, Sam
Clipeus with apical margin extended expanded as a broad flattened area,
perpendicular more or less to the basal port of the
clipeus mandible length at least three times its basal width, so just really
long mandibles, so we have.
00:11:13.050 --> 00:11:38.440
Droege, Sam
The the difficulty here is I have males of sculpture. Ellis and I have no Ruger
France, but basically what you're seeing is a
incredibly long and skinny mandibles that stick way out in front it much more
so than pagnotta, which has pretty broad mandibles and comes together and
sculpture. Ellis is a species I'm going to show you a mail.
00:11:39.530 --> 00:11:52.500
Droege, Sam
Will dial back to this because the males and females look relatively similar in
aspect, very dark and very large species. So it's the
giant resin B it takes over.
00:11:53.060 --> 00:11:53.550
Droege, Sam
Uh.
00:11:54.580 --> 00:11:55.210
Droege, Sam
Uh.
00:11:56.010 --> 00:12:02.890
Droege, Sam
Ness, of Xylocopa species at times and I'm actually at my.
00:12:03.720 --> 00:12:28.120
Droege, Sam
Lois magnification here. And this is just simply a male. So
it has this highly sculptured abdomen with humongous pits in it and very dark
wings. And this is generally how the females look too, but they would have
gigantic choppers which were not able to show here because I have no females. I
gave away most of these to someone. Was it Catherine? Maybe.
00:12:29.820 --> 00:12:42.790
Droege, Sam
And and the Ruger France. I don't have any specimens either. It's more of a
Midwestern one. We see it very rarely in the area. I've only seen a few
specimens, but if you look at the pictures, you'll see that the.
00:12:44.420 --> 00:12:46.010
Droege, Sam
The.
00:12:47.330 --> 00:13:01.240
Droege, Sam
The mandibles are not only skinny, but project way out, particularly moving
fronts. So Mike is talking about here clippies with
apical margins. So the very rim of the clips.
00:13:02.280 --> 00:13:20.710
Droege, Sam
Modified in a variety of ways, but not with this broad flattened area. So I believe that that makes it looked relatively flat
lipped and his presents here for these two species, which again, sorry, I don't
have them as a.
00:13:21.230 --> 00:13:26.340
Droege, Sam
Uh ohm almost a wall. When you look at the Clippers head on.
00:13:27.180 --> 00:13:58.390
Droege, Sam
But now we're gonna jump down to the mandibles with and without cutting
margins, so we refer to those previously, and there is only a small number of
species of Mega Charlie that don't have any cutting margins whatsoever. Nikes,
a proponent of opening up those mandibles when you
have your specimens or fresh, freshly caught and not been in alcohol for very
long so that you, Canmore, easily look at the size and shape and.
00:13:58.770 --> 00:14:26.920
Droege, Sam
Umm. Dentition of mandibles for mega Kylie and for osmia, too, and other
species. But you can in many cases see most, except for the very rear most
portion of the mandible. And sometimes you can see that in Mega Kylie, even
though the mandibles are closed, the one mandible. And we did a little study,
it shows that bees close their mandibles.
00:14:27.560 --> 00:14:41.010
Droege, Sam
Umm, in random fashion. So the left mandible is closed
as is over the top of the right just as often as the right is over the top of
the left.
00:14:42.300 --> 00:15:11.890
Droege, Sam
Anyway, often in almost all cases you can still see one of the cutting edges of
the one of the mandibles is open for inspection. You can see the teeth and the
cutting margins. So in this case we have a small set
of species, maybe five or six, that have no cutting margins between the teeth,
and so many of those are parallel sided in Mike's book, and we're gonna pull
out a couple here.
00:15:12.430 --> 00:15:13.100
Droege, Sam
And.
00:15:13.220 --> 00:15:42.770
Droege, Sam
Umm. Ah. And talk about them, and then the remainder have some
kind of cutting margins. So it might be a
single cutting tooth or it might be that the entire sinus is filled at a lower
level with something that is used to help them cut out leaves. So jumping that we're going to six without the cutting
margins, cutting margins down there. And then in this group you're looking at.
00:15:43.190 --> 00:16:15.840
Droege, Sam
Umm, uh, whether there are these little bead like
denticles or projections at the rim of the clipeus similar to kind of what we
saw on pignata or it's straight or nearly straight and doesn't have or a
minimum doesn't have tiny teeth. So if it has it is
toothed, then you're down to two very common. I believe this is also the case
in the Midwest, two species that we see regularly, including in the middle of.
00:16:16.080 --> 00:16:46.150
Droege, Sam
The city and their I believe both are resin using
species and by resin using I means that they are using resin in the
construction of their nests or the capping of their nests rather than the more
common or the leaves which makes a little sense, right? Why? If you're messing
around with resin to cap your nest then why do you
need cutting cutting margins? Because you're not cutting any leaves for any particular reason, so those have disappeared.
00:16:46.530 --> 00:16:49.060
Droege, Sam
We have exilus and Campanula.
00:16:49.730 --> 00:16:55.130
Droege, Sam
Umm, neither of which really, even though, despite the name Campanelli, they're
really not.
00:16:55.570 --> 00:17:03.070
Droege, Sam
Umm, specialists on camp and the way they can be found in lots and lots of
places, including places that have no Campanelli whatsoever.
00:17:03.870 --> 00:17:08.660
Droege, Sam
And both seem to be, uh, very regularly seen.
00:17:10.250 --> 00:17:28.520
Droege, Sam
In our state. So. Umm, I'll show you. So we'll let's
look at the clip real margins here and then we can look at the mandibles at the
same time and look for the lack of cutting edges. So here we have a headshot of
exilus.
00:17:29.460 --> 00:17:55.830
Droege, Sam
And we are going to zoom in. I'm not going to show you the parallel sides, but
here's the tooth. Here's the teeth on the manual, 1234 teeth. And then in
between, you can see that I don't know what that blob is, but there's there's
no cutting tooth anywhere in, in this system. We'll go even a little bit
further up and you can see here.
00:17:57.600 --> 00:18:00.410
Droege, Sam
That, but we know what this thing does zoom.
00:18:02.450 --> 00:18:06.030
Droege, Sam
No, it has a a little mini. Ohh, how interesting.
00:18:08.180 --> 00:18:11.120
Droege, Sam
Anyway, there's no tooth in there.
00:18:12.300 --> 00:18:13.050
Droege, Sam
Turn that off.
00:18:14.360 --> 00:18:31.090
Droege, Sam
Maybe point so no, no cutting margin to cutting teeth between the points on the
mandible. So that tells us we're in this set of very small number of bees that
probably all of which use.
00:18:31.570 --> 00:18:40.170
Droege, Sam
Umm, resin and ohh. I should also point out on the Clippy or RIM. Again we have.
00:18:41.160 --> 00:18:49.590
Droege, Sam
In Exilus there should be a small tooth. And then sometimes there's additional
teeth to either side. Small tooth in the middle.
00:18:50.940 --> 00:18:51.950
Droege, Sam
Of the.
00:18:53.370 --> 00:18:54.510
Droege, Sam
Clippy will rim.
00:18:57.010 --> 00:19:01.670
Droege, Sam
And some bead like things to either side.
00:19:03.040 --> 00:19:11.950
Droege, Sam
And it is very difficult to see in this particular specimen what's going on there, but let me see if I can.
00:19:13.150 --> 00:19:15.090
Droege, Sam
Bend it a little bit over.
00:19:17.170 --> 00:19:18.760
Droege, Sam
Take it down to two.
00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:23.690
Droege, Sam
Bring it over here. Bring it down the.
00:19:27.070 --> 00:19:27.700
Droege, Sam
Lens.
00:19:28.420 --> 00:19:35.350
Droege, Sam
And hopefully we can see the edge of the clip is I think my specimen for
Campanelli is a little bit better. But Ohh you can you can
kind of see it here.
00:19:36.390 --> 00:19:40.480
Droege, Sam
So again, holding the specimen in your fingers and rotating it gets.
00:19:41.610 --> 00:19:42.490
Droege, Sam
Gets you the.
00:19:43.130 --> 00:19:46.730
Droege, Sam
Ohm perspective that allows you to see.
00:19:47.480 --> 00:19:58.690
Droege, Sam
But some of these features better, but here's a clip you'll edge these are
mandibles, I believe. Right there. And here is the small central point. And
there's two side.
00:19:59.310 --> 00:20:02.840
Droege, Sam
Umm. Points in there as well.
00:20:03.750 --> 00:20:04.530
Droege, Sam
Not very big.
00:20:05.390 --> 00:20:05.950
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:20:06.910 --> 00:20:14.800
Droege, Sam
So another feature might doesn't mention this, but this is one that I use very
regularly because a lot of times you see this.
00:20:16.340 --> 00:20:29.960
Droege, Sam
Group Campanelli versus anxious and you have to figure
out well what are they. So when we look at this also
this feature which again you'll see in discover life where you have the.
00:20:30.020 --> 00:20:30.530
Droege, Sam
The.
00:20:32.350 --> 00:20:32.940
Droege, Sam
T6.
00:20:34.140 --> 00:20:57.940
Droege, Sam
Rear end coming down and then flanges out makes a hard turn. I'll show it from
in profile so you can see that architecture a little bit better is a
distinctive feature of only a few species. The key point here is that T5 this
is the T5 is lined with a very thick and heavy similar to
the other ones set of prone white.
00:20:58.830 --> 00:21:08.280
Droege, Sam
Hers making a little fascia along there. So it's in
it's complete. It's very noticeable. It's.
00:21:09.510 --> 00:21:21.440
Droege, Sam
Difficult to see in Campanelli is either absent or there's only a bits and
pieces of that, but mostly it's completely not there at all, so it's a pretty good
feature to.
00:21:22.190 --> 00:21:32.720
Droege, Sam
To have in your bag of tricks for telling you part. Yeah. What do you have up
exactly? Yeah. OK, so here.
00:21:25.960 --> 00:21:28.280
Maffei, Clare J
And Sam, which of the two do you have up?
00:21:30.100 --> 00:21:30.350
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.
00:21:34.060 --> 00:21:47.580
Droege, Sam
Mike also is that that this species? I'm not sure. I think he mentioned
something about these black hairs, but I'm want you to look at here's this
convex part of T6 and then this lip that.
00:21:49.650 --> 00:21:56.660
Droege, Sam
Turns out right at the edge, and that angle in that that little lip and that
sharp return.
00:21:57.630 --> 00:22:09.160
Droege, Sam
On the specimen and taking it is illuminating. Let's look at Mikes key here
again. He talks about the single tooth identical.
00:22:10.320 --> 00:22:28.910
Droege, Sam
In the middle of the clipeus. And then he also says T6 pubescence all dark, central and southern regions of the continent, or of his,
where his area. So here is the T6 again and you can see all these hairs are
darkened.
00:22:30.500 --> 00:22:38.650
Droege, Sam
And now, in contrast, there must be light hairs in Campanelli. So let's go to Campanula now.
00:22:40.740 --> 00:22:41.560
Droege, Sam
And.
00:22:42.500 --> 00:22:43.140
Droege, Sam
Take a look.
00:22:53.660 --> 00:22:54.440
Droege, Sam
Exes.
00:22:55.640 --> 00:22:57.130
Droege, Sam
My special ready.
00:22:58.120 --> 00:22:59.490
Droege, Sam
So, campanelli.
00:23:00.800 --> 00:23:08.230
Droege, Sam
Has also new cutting edges on the teeth and we'll try and get the rim of the
clipeus in here.
00:23:11.210 --> 00:23:13.280
Droege, Sam
So it could be seen pretty easily.
00:23:15.200 --> 00:23:18.530
Droege, Sam
And what we're looking for is no central.
00:23:19.690 --> 00:23:25.910
Droege, Sam
Tooth, rather, the center is bare, and there are two teeth to either side of
it.
00:23:29.360 --> 00:23:32.590
Droege, Sam
Like like going on in this specimen, but.
00:23:33.550 --> 00:23:57.520
Droege, Sam
The two teeth are there's one, and I think easier to see when you're
manipulating the specimen yourself. There's one tooth there and one tooth
there. And the very center, whether it be a tooth and then an exilus is
missing. You can see the mandible that's lapping over the other one here. 1234
teeth and in between the sinuses.
00:23:58.280 --> 00:24:01.650
Droege, Sam
Of these teeth, there is no cutting margin at all.
00:24:03.190 --> 00:24:10.260
Droege, Sam
Because of their resin using lifestyle apparently, and now if we pivot to the
abdomen.
00:24:12.070 --> 00:24:20.010
Droege, Sam
We should see that the abdomen has little to no hair on the rim, at least not
in the sense of.
00:24:20.950 --> 00:24:21.680
Droege, Sam
The.
00:24:24.740 --> 00:24:25.580
Droege, Sam
Big break.
00:24:26.890 --> 00:24:27.440
Droege, Sam
Wait.
00:24:28.500 --> 00:24:29.730
Droege, Sam
Fascicles series.
00:24:31.140 --> 00:24:53.260
Droege, Sam
And so here you can see, I'll. I'll shift this around a little bit. Here's the
abdomen. This is the last segment. Here's Segment 5 and here right here is the
rim of segment 5 and there's nothing there, but segment four has A at least
partially a nice bright white set of hairs.
00:24:54.020 --> 00:24:57.410
Droege, Sam
I'm going to pivot this a little bit so we can see it better.
00:25:06.070 --> 00:25:08.050
Droege, Sam
So you can see here.
00:25:09.990 --> 00:25:17.420
Droege, Sam
T 12345 and this is 6 and the there are.
00:25:17.790 --> 00:25:33.760
Droege, Sam
Umm. At least on the lateral sides, very thick, similar to
exilus bands of white hairs, but on T5 nothing so that I find that to be a very
useful key. Mike also mentions that on.
00:25:34.540 --> 00:25:35.400
Droege, Sam
Umm the.
00:25:35.480 --> 00:25:49.250
Droege, Sam
The backside of the abdomen of T6. It's not all dark hair, as you can see,
white hairs looks like intermix with black hairs.
Let's see if he says that.
00:25:50.660 --> 00:25:54.570
Droege, Sam
Umm. So clipping margin with two teeth. 2 little dents kills.
00:25:55.610 --> 00:26:02.400
Droege, Sam
Dentist source. No denticles. Tentacles. Tentacles. I guess and.
00:26:03.190 --> 00:26:15.220
Droege, Sam
Uh T6 PBS is usually largely pale, so we saw a lot of that with intermixed
darker hairs, so that's a good separation set of characters there.
00:26:16.640 --> 00:26:25.470
Droege, Sam
So now continuing on to things that have no cutting
margins but are.
00:26:26.290 --> 00:26:27.880
Droege, Sam
Umm. Associated with.
00:26:30.910 --> 00:26:40.200
Droege, Sam
Kenny margins on their teeth, they have cutting margins rather and they should
not try and do two things at once and kill the ants that have invaded my desk.
00:26:40.940 --> 00:26:46.450
Droege, Sam
Umm, they have a margin of the clipeus that is not.
00:26:47.520 --> 00:26:48.270
Droege, Sam
Modified.
00:26:50.130 --> 00:26:51.720
Droege, Sam
Or not modified very much.
00:26:52.440 --> 00:26:55.770
Droege, Sam
So get my clay out here. So we're going to look at.
00:26:59.280 --> 00:27:11.790
Droege, Sam
Megyn Kelly Georgica relatively uncommon species and I believe like Notes 2
that it occurs southern half in more in the South it's large.
00:27:13.610 --> 00:27:17.640
Droege, Sam
And will take a look at the head. Tends to have dark
wings.
00:27:19.000 --> 00:27:24.480
Droege, Sam
It's not as quite as large as inimica and pignata, but still fairly
large.
00:27:25.110 --> 00:27:25.840
Droege, Sam
Beast.
00:27:27.800 --> 00:27:35.220
Maffei, Clare J
Sam, we have the chat asking if both exiles and Campanula use resins to build
nests.
00:27:28.040 --> 00:27:30.270
Droege, Sam
They yeah, yeah, we live cat.
00:27:35.290 --> 00:27:35.720
Droege, Sam
Yes.
00:27:37.150 --> 00:27:50.030
Droege, Sam
Yes, they do. And so I don't know if, like, here's
Georgia, got Georgia has no cutting teeth too. I don't know if they all use
resin in that group, you know, because they don't have communities.
00:27:51.370 --> 00:27:51.770
Droege, Sam
We're not.
00:27:53.780 --> 00:27:56.580
Droege, Sam
Someone maybe knows that and can let us know.
00:27:58.760 --> 00:28:01.130
Droege, Sam
Right and gloss track in this specimen. Here we go.
00:28:03.060 --> 00:28:04.470
Droege, Sam
So now.
00:28:05.730 --> 00:28:08.540
Droege, Sam
Looking at the head will shift to.
00:28:09.840 --> 00:28:21.440
Droege, Sam
The Clippies edge and we should not see again. You have some hairs here. So it's a little bit less apparent, but there does not
appear to be any.
00:28:22.470 --> 00:28:22.950
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:28:24.190 --> 00:28:30.880
Droege, Sam
Any teeth or other anything other than pretty much a straight rim, little
difficult to see there.
00:28:32.100 --> 00:28:46.560
Droege, Sam
If we zoom down to the mandibles and get that in focus, we see the teeth again
here and with nothing in between the tooth merges. So
it is another one of these species that has.
00:28:47.280 --> 00:28:47.780
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:28:49.930 --> 00:29:04.940
Droege, Sam
No cutting margins and now we're going to flip and talk about S6. So six is a important character in discover life because
despite it being a.
00:29:06.440 --> 00:29:07.570
Droege, Sam
Let's see. Get back down here.
00:29:08.570 --> 00:29:11.400
Droege, Sam
Despite it being a A.
00:29:12.690 --> 00:29:13.880
Droege, Sam
Looking for my specimen?
00:29:14.910 --> 00:29:15.300
Droege, Sam
In here.
00:29:16.350 --> 00:29:29.030
Droege, Sam
Despite it being not a place that people in other species groups look at a
whole lot, it turns out it's really valuable and full
of all kinds of discriminations.
00:29:30.010 --> 00:29:33.180
Droege, Sam
Of the good kind in why is it going that way?
00:29:33.800 --> 00:29:35.890
Droege, Sam
Ohh in make highway.
00:29:37.210 --> 00:29:39.370
Droege, Sam
In the females, males. Not really.
00:29:40.750 --> 00:29:45.340
Droege, Sam
So, uh, recall that Mega Kylie?
00:29:46.160 --> 00:29:55.410
Droege, Sam
Carry their pollen underneath the abdomen and that there are pondering hairs or
scopal hairs throughout this area. I'm gonna.
00:29:56.670 --> 00:30:03.460
Droege, Sam
Skype out and bump up the light a little bit here now, and so S6 is also
underneath there and.
00:30:04.970 --> 00:30:10.300
Droege, Sam
I guess cause the adjacency of the sting and maybe other kinds of things such
as.
00:30:10.870 --> 00:30:17.750
Droege, Sam
I'm forming the walls in the nest. Perhaps they have a bunch of different
modifications.
00:30:19.100 --> 00:30:24.440
Droege, Sam
So I want to maybe take it up to the oh, that's the wrong direction.
00:30:25.200 --> 00:30:32.850
Droege, Sam
Come on up like that. OK. This is a little bit better. So
we're at high magnification now. We're looking at only at S6.
00:30:34.360 --> 00:30:38.990
Droege, Sam
So this area is the target when looking at almost any.
00:30:40.070 --> 00:30:48.860
Droege, Sam
May Kylie, female you would want to flip over and take a quick look to me, see
if it conforms to the species. You think it is. So in
this case it's.
00:30:49.960 --> 00:31:17.130
Droege, Sam
Similar to what you might expect, it's all, it's all uniform. It's all dark.
There's no central bear area. There's no difference between the fringe area and
the basal parts of the hairs in terms of changes in hair color or and their appears to be nothing going on right at the rim and
the terms of how the rim is formed.
00:31:21.200 --> 00:31:21.930
Droege, Sam
So.
00:31:23.130 --> 00:31:35.740
Droege, Sam
Umm. So, but we'll contrast that with Montego, which is coming up next, which
are quite different looking one, but have just happens the key out here and
instead we're going to now. So
this is the underside.
00:31:37.510 --> 00:31:38.220
Droege, Sam
And.
00:31:39.800 --> 00:31:41.170
Droege, Sam
We're going to flip this.
00:31:41.980 --> 00:31:52.320
Droege, Sam
Specimen and take a look at T6 on the opposite side
and a character that I use most the time for georgica.
00:31:53.200 --> 00:31:55.770
Droege, Sam
And is in the discovery life guides.
00:31:56.650 --> 00:32:00.280
Droege, Sam
Kind of find the specimen. Here it is.
00:32:01.480 --> 00:32:02.510
Droege, Sam
Right here.
00:32:03.250 --> 00:32:21.720
Droege, Sam
Is let me have to change the orientation, but is the
fact we'll change it to the side here is that there are white hairs here
towards the base and then there are upright dark hairs and towards the.
00:32:22.490 --> 00:32:22.790
Droege, Sam
Uh.
00:32:24.780 --> 00:32:27.160
Droege, Sam
Very far end, so let's take a look at this.
00:32:28.460 --> 00:32:35.210
Droege, Sam
From the side and it similar to the Campanelli Exilus
crowd, probably because they're related.
00:32:36.690 --> 00:32:39.450
Droege, Sam
The lateral sides.
00:32:40.280 --> 00:32:41.350
Droege, Sam
Of the.
00:32:43.900 --> 00:32:45.470
Droege, Sam
For the the very end.
00:32:46.410 --> 00:32:49.020
Droege, Sam
Of the segment has that.
00:32:50.020 --> 00:32:54.050
Droege, Sam
Little I caught a flange sticking out.
00:32:55.730 --> 00:32:56.440
Droege, Sam
Of the.
00:32:59.380 --> 00:32:59.710
Droege, Sam
Tip.
00:33:00.740 --> 00:33:02.160
Droege, Sam
That's pretty distinctive.
00:33:03.250 --> 00:33:05.520
Droege, Sam
Paralleling the group.
00:33:09.540 --> 00:33:11.590
Droege, Sam
You can also see S6 fair.
00:33:12.560 --> 00:33:13.460
Droege, Sam
Bring this over.
00:33:16.470 --> 00:33:36.690
Droege, Sam
So here's this pattern where you have these white hairs towards the base and
then darker hairs to the top. And you have this this turn
out from where it's concave and then it becomes quickly as this flans that runs
around the rim and it turns out at an angle. So that's again within discover
life guides.
00:33:37.520 --> 00:33:50.510
Droege, Sam
Some other species this might be completely flat. Other species is just
gradually concave. There's a few where it's sorry. Gradually convex others
where it's gradually concave.
00:33:53.610 --> 00:33:56.550
Droege, Sam
Umm, So what else does Mike have to say here?
00:34:01.440 --> 00:34:11.040
Droege, Sam
Surface of S6 strongly in densely punctate so pitted I think we saw that I
didn't point it out. It's also all dark.
00:34:11.780 --> 00:34:22.450
Droege, Sam
Umm, so, he says. Essex here's Dark T6 cover with more or
less erect hairs, but it doesn't mention the hair color, which I find to
be useful.
00:34:23.380 --> 00:34:47.110
Droege, Sam
And science between 1st and so sinus, that's the the gap area between the
outermost tooth, which is tooth one, and the second the first tooth to the
inside. Broadly you shaped and we will see how that contract was month Vega in
a second. So let me swap specimens here.
00:34:48.420 --> 00:34:53.070
Droege, Sam
Much bigger is just a very different looking beast altogether.
00:34:58.100 --> 00:34:59.700
Droege, Sam
All the tags back on.
00:35:03.960 --> 00:35:05.610
Droege, Sam
Get it in the right? Thanks.
00:35:07.150 --> 00:35:07.920
Droege, Sam
Montego.
00:35:14.390 --> 00:35:20.630
Droege, Sam
Alright, so let's look at the the characters here. How are we doing on time
player?
00:35:23.240 --> 00:35:26.180
Maffei, Clare J
You are a OK, it's 135.
00:35:23.510 --> 00:35:23.850
Droege, Sam
You were.
00:35:26.470 --> 00:35:26.730
Droege, Sam
OK.
00:35:32.080 --> 00:35:32.750
Droege, Sam
So.
00:35:33.870 --> 00:35:51.650
Droege, Sam
He's contrasting that with a 6 surface, so we're gonna take a look at that pale hairs and it's bare in the middle and he talks
about this apical friends, but basically another way to think about it is that
the central area is bare of hairs instead of being completely haired up.
00:35:52.330 --> 00:35:55.260
Droege, Sam
And also has pale hairs, not all black.
00:35:57.420 --> 00:36:01.820
Droege, Sam
So and T6 has does not have the erect hairs that.
00:36:02.570 --> 00:36:05.180
Droege, Sam
Were present in Georgia, nor that same color pattern.
00:36:06.000 --> 00:36:08.150
Droege, Sam
And he's saying that basil.
00:36:09.670 --> 00:36:15.240
Droege, Sam
Tooth of mandible. Little so interesting. He I'm not sure.
00:36:16.710 --> 00:36:18.480
Droege, Sam
If we're not talking.
00:36:20.560 --> 00:36:38.110
Droege, Sam
Differently in terms of when I talk about the first tooth of a mandible, it's
not towards the base, it's the tip. So I'll have to
talk to Mike about when he talks about the basil. He says the first tooth,
whether we're going in the opposite directions.
00:36:40.460 --> 00:36:46.150
Droege, Sam
So any so we'll table that for now. And when Mike comes back, we'll talk to
him.
00:36:47.980 --> 00:36:54.890
Droege, Sam
And we could look at the Monte Vegas specimen teething for a while, but we have
other species to look at.
00:36:56.300 --> 00:36:57.810
Droege, Sam
So let's take a look here.
00:37:00.560 --> 00:37:02.040
Droege, Sam
First, we'll take a look at.
00:37:03.280 --> 00:37:10.830
Droege, Sam
T6 and you can even see the hairs on S6 as almost entirely pale there to begin
with. So we have the similar.
00:37:11.460 --> 00:37:24.870
Droege, Sam
Umm flange uh, where it's convex at the base and then flanged out very strongly
at the tip. And when we look at the here's here we see
that.
00:37:26.200 --> 00:37:31.070
Droege, Sam
The hairs are mostly pale and they don't have that
dark light pattern.
00:37:32.160 --> 00:37:32.530
Droege, Sam
Whoops.
00:37:34.930 --> 00:37:36.420
Droege, Sam
That Georgia had.
00:37:37.790 --> 00:37:39.250
Droege, Sam
Right. I gotta find the specific again.
00:37:46.910 --> 00:37:49.170
Droege, Sam
I'm on the wrong side. There we go.
00:37:56.840 --> 00:38:00.780
Droege, Sam
So you don't see. In fact you don't see many hairs at
all.
00:38:01.780 --> 00:38:06.330
Droege, Sam
The fact that the Georgia got he talks about erect hairs and.
00:38:07.270 --> 00:38:15.400
Droege, Sam
That is true, but it's a little bit difficult to discern the two, but the
easiest thing here is to.
00:38:16.250 --> 00:38:21.860
Droege, Sam
In addition to the fact that the T6 does not have that pattern of hers is to
look here at.
00:38:22.730 --> 00:38:26.050
Droege, Sam
Yes, six which is very different from.
00:38:27.380 --> 00:38:28.260
Droege, Sam
What we have?
00:38:30.410 --> 00:38:31.180
Droege, Sam
In Georgia.
00:38:32.410 --> 00:38:41.720
Droege, Sam
Although other species of bees have something similar on this species of Mega,
Kylie have something similar to this pattern, which is
it's almost entirely pale.
00:38:43.150 --> 00:38:53.880
Droege, Sam
And there is a dense and I think pretty much all the mega Kylie have this have
a dense set of shorter hairs.
00:38:55.130 --> 00:39:12.340
Droege, Sam
Maybe not even really scopal hairs. They're towards the tip. Apologies for the
fiber that's in the way towards the end. So there's
almost always this smaller, denser set of hairs that form a fringe and all the
different species of Maggie. Kylie.
00:39:13.390 --> 00:39:19.620
Droege, Sam
And then there are the scopal hairs, or scopal like hairs that are towards the
base of.
00:39:20.750 --> 00:39:30.800
Droege, Sam
T6 there is a little bit on T5 there too, and then this whole central area in
the middle is bare of any hairs so.
00:39:33.170 --> 00:39:37.640
Droege, Sam
That is very different from what we saw in magically Georgia Cup.
00:39:42.260 --> 00:39:43.170
Droege, Sam
So a.
00:39:44.380 --> 00:39:46.630
Droege, Sam
Easy one to key out.
00:39:49.910 --> 00:39:50.690
Droege, Sam
If you're careful.
00:39:56.700 --> 00:40:03.270
Droege, Sam
So within discover life, you know it's always important to not guess and to.
00:40:04.070 --> 00:40:05.460
Droege, Sam
Umm. Whoops.
00:40:06.360 --> 00:40:12.590
Droege, Sam
Into score things conservatively because you can always go back and change it
and try a different pattern of.
00:40:13.850 --> 00:40:14.340
Droege, Sam
Scoring.
00:40:15.800 --> 00:40:28.620
Droege, Sam
OK, so now can I pull it? I may not have the frugalista. So now we're going
away from this set that Mike had separated here.
00:40:29.340 --> 00:40:42.020
Droege, Sam
UM, based on cutting, lacking, cutting margins. So
we're looking at ones that didn't have cutting margins. Now we have parallel
sided things with cutting margins. And that first one get
tested for Gallus.
00:40:43.020 --> 00:40:46.510
Droege, Sam
Which is one that shows up here and there.
00:40:47.860 --> 00:40:48.310
Droege, Sam
It's.
00:40:50.470 --> 00:40:57.420
Droege, Sam
A species I don't see a whole lot of. Maybe more common to the West of me in
the mountains than.
00:40:58.970 --> 00:41:01.200
Droege, Sam
Around around town.
00:41:02.070 --> 00:41:08.860
Droege, Sam
But I found them several places now, so the distinct thing about frugalista I
believe this is Mikey too.
00:41:09.890 --> 00:41:10.640
Droege, Sam
Is.
00:41:12.400 --> 00:41:32.390
Droege, Sam
It's what I notice is that on the clipeus are erect dark hair. Let's see what
Mike has to say here. So yeah, clip is with long, dark erect hairs. That's very
unusual, maybe unique and pale, shorter, suppressed
errors between the dark hairs. The Clippers is relatively flat margin undulates
without any.
00:41:32.990 --> 00:41:37.320
Droege, Sam
You know any teeth or bilateral processes?
00:41:39.240 --> 00:41:56.000
Droege, Sam
And mandible, usually with a small process or point between first and second
teeth. I don't know what that means, but we'll take a look
and see if we can find that cause. Normally in discovery life you would keep it
out using the notion of the.
00:41:56.730 --> 00:41:57.640
Droege, Sam
Hers.
00:41:59.930 --> 00:42:01.170
Droege, Sam
And other features.
00:42:02.020 --> 00:42:07.590
Droege, Sam
That you would have gone through and having the dark hair so up to clip this is
becomes your go to.
00:42:09.120 --> 00:42:14.280
Droege, Sam
So here we go. Now if we zoom in, we can see this better.
00:42:16.590 --> 00:42:29.960
Droege, Sam
So here is who mandibles here. We'll look for that small two thing. And here's
the hairs, and you can see that there are both what he mentioned, which is
upright.
00:42:31.640 --> 00:42:56.970
Droege, Sam
Dark hairs in the middle of the Clippy, this, and then below that are
oppressed, which means basically prone or lying down hairs that are white and
shorter than these other ones. But it's these dark upright hairs that meek this
stand out and the edge of the rim here throughout this
area, undulates looks like a little bit but has nothing, nothing noticeable.
00:43:00.500 --> 00:43:06.330
Droege, Sam
So if we take a look now, let's see what this tooth.
00:43:07.490 --> 00:43:09.660
Droege, Sam
Perhaps we can see that now.
00:43:10.880 --> 00:43:13.190
Droege, Sam
That was spoken about and Mikey.
00:43:18.330 --> 00:43:20.470
Droege, Sam
Yeah, I'm just not aware of.
00:43:24.320 --> 00:43:25.890
Droege, Sam
Find specimen again.
00:43:26.860 --> 00:43:28.240
Droege, Sam
Here we go.
00:43:29.800 --> 00:43:31.010
Droege, Sam
There it is. Focus.
00:43:40.350 --> 00:43:46.940
Droege, Sam
OK. Between first and second tooth, this might be a good opportunity to see
what Mike considers the 1st and 2nd tooth.
00:43:48.140 --> 00:43:54.190
Droege, Sam
The normal is 4, sometimes five. OK, so in my book.
00:43:54.870 --> 00:44:01.000
Droege, Sam
1234 possibly in Mikes book is 1234 which is.
00:44:02.970 --> 00:44:23.700
Droege, Sam
A little bit disturbing that we are counting in different directions so but Mike is probably the one who is following the proper
procedures. So here I am believe let's zoom in one
more level is probably this small mini tooth if you will between the.
00:44:24.580 --> 00:44:31.570
Droege, Sam
Beans will nose tooth and these next tooth mikes one and two mines mine three
and four.
00:44:34.320 --> 00:44:44.300
Droege, Sam
OK. Anyway, it's hard to see that exactly, particularly with my crosshairs over
it. But that seems to be the small tooth that he was Speaking of, but again.
00:44:45.070 --> 00:44:53.710
Droege, Sam
This sort of short clipeus dark black hairs, I guess slightly flattened. It has
a a a unique look to the face.
00:44:54.630 --> 00:45:05.510
Droege, Sam
Of the specimen, and let's take a take a look. It's
theoretically, I don't know if that tiny tooth counts as a cutting margin.
Let's see if.
00:45:06.140 --> 00:45:08.950
Droege, Sam
There we can quantify a cutting margin.
00:45:10.160 --> 00:45:11.750
Droege, Sam
Elsewhere on here.
00:45:13.650 --> 00:45:15.760
Droege, Sam
Because that's the differentiation.
00:45:16.700 --> 00:45:21.850
Droege, Sam
Umm, you know, I don't know what's going on there. That could be a cutting
margin.
00:45:22.950 --> 00:45:23.380
Droege, Sam
But.
00:45:25.230 --> 00:45:26.560
Droege, Sam
Not super obvious.
00:45:28.120 --> 00:45:29.430
Droege, Sam
OK so.
00:45:31.370 --> 00:45:37.080
Droege, Sam
The mysterious frugalista it's just appears in the
collections I see.
00:45:37.860 --> 00:45:41.370
Droege, Sam
Only uncommonly goes into this box.
00:45:44.680 --> 00:45:55.810
Droege, Sam
Then we'll go back to Mike's key. And so we have the
dark haired ones, so these are PC's now that have teeth and then we're going to
look at.
00:45:57.290 --> 00:46:00.480
Droege, Sam
Two others here, Inimica and.
00:46:00.990 --> 00:46:03.900
Droege, Sam
Uh pull akiras so.
00:46:04.800 --> 00:46:28.540
Droege, Sam
I have no public areas. I've seen that only once or twice, very southern, but I
do have inimica which shows up pretty rarely looks it's
aspect is very similar to pagnotta and also in the year first impression would
be that it's the same thing, that one is the other, but obviously it doesn't
have the tooth of the base of the.
00:46:28.620 --> 00:46:28.950
Droege, Sam
Yep.
00:46:29.360 --> 00:46:32.170
Droege, Sam
Umm, front cheek that Cognata has.
00:46:36.000 --> 00:46:40.690
Droege, Sam
And Umm Polaris is something I don't see a whole lot. I believe they look at.
00:46:43.460 --> 00:46:46.680
Droege, Sam
Some of the teeth characters here, but let's see what they he says so.
00:46:47.840 --> 00:46:49.970
Droege, Sam
Could be margin weekly trilobed.
00:46:50.770 --> 00:46:57.700
Droege, Sam
And so meaning it's got instead of teeth on the on the edge of the clipeus you
will have.
00:47:00.190 --> 00:47:22.480
Droege, Sam
Sort of kind weakly convex areas that look like Lowe's but not, you know, not
strongly lobed. So we'll show that and medium portion
produced as a very broad week triangular load between the two small lateral
tooth like or low blight processes, so not.
00:47:22.760 --> 00:47:39.620
Droege, Sam
Ohh does it saying that it's more of an undulation rather than something very
dramatic like some of the other species and then the clippies weakly convex S5.
Here is all pale right, so let's just take a look here
at S5.
00:47:40.610 --> 00:47:50.270
Droege, Sam
Because it is such a well actually have power and all throughout the specimen,
so maybe more difficult than I think. But S5 is it's a lovely.
00:47:51.600 --> 00:47:52.690
Droege, Sam
When the character.
00:47:54.980 --> 00:47:55.650
Droege, Sam
If you can find it.
00:47:57.610 --> 00:48:08.740
Droege, Sam
There we go. And yes, indeed there is pollen all over and wonder if it is
sunflower pollen. I can't remember. It's a specialist on sunflowers or not, but
it looks pretty suspicious.
00:48:09.850 --> 00:48:10.940
Droege, Sam
And.
00:48:15.200 --> 00:48:28.320
Droege, Sam
So interestingly, I don't have to see what discover like does. So here's this. The fringe area which is dark hairs and the interior though is light hairs. You can flip
over to discover life and see because.
00:48:29.050 --> 00:48:29.680
Droege, Sam
Mike.
00:48:30.170 --> 00:48:37.510
Droege, Sam
Umm says S5. Here is all pale. So again like and I
when we compare our notes, sometimes we find out that.
00:48:38.050 --> 00:48:56.900
Droege, Sam
Umm, we there are differences in plumage, the plumage of the same bee species,
or that we've just not correctly separated out two species out of something we
think is just one species. So that seems to be not the case and this enemiga.
00:49:00.160 --> 00:49:01.650
Droege, Sam
And Umm.
00:49:02.930 --> 00:49:05.910
Droege, Sam
But let's see what else we can do. And let's look at the.
00:49:07.190 --> 00:49:13.460
Droege, Sam
That's not the usual way we separate things out. Let me have another inimica.
We can also check.
00:49:14.430 --> 00:49:16.640
Droege, Sam
That one too. Let's take a look at the.
00:49:18.520 --> 00:49:20.350
Droege, Sam
Clipping on large in this here.
00:49:21.350 --> 00:49:27.980
Maffei, Clare J
And by the way, TGP if you hadn't caught on was tall grass Prairie?
00:49:28.960 --> 00:49:46.410
Droege, Sam
Ohh yes, yeah. So Mike's keys are meant to be used in
the tall grass prairies ecoregion, more or less, but they're broadly broadly
applicable throughout the East, and he brings in several species.
00:49:29.430 --> 00:49:30.460
Maffei, Clare J
But that's fancy for.
00:49:47.700 --> 00:49:58.730
Droege, Sam
To the West of the Mississippi that we really don't get or hardly ever get to,
so the range is comparable for. So you can use mikes
keys.
00:50:00.030 --> 00:50:01.510
Droege, Sam
For almost anything.
00:50:02.310 --> 00:50:03.600
Droege, Sam
With the.
00:50:04.880 --> 00:50:20.410
Droege, Sam
Notion that if you're outside of his range that you might be seeing something
else on that wasn't listed by Mike, but mostly he lists them all. So here is the clippies. Here's the rim of the clippies. Here's this
week.
00:50:20.500 --> 00:50:34.410
Droege, Sam
Umm, let's get, you know, week broad lobe in the middle. It's really just kind of a convex area. And then here's more
tooth like or low Blake areas to the lateral sides on that.
00:50:35.280 --> 00:50:52.000
Droege, Sam
If you look at the mandibles, we should find a cutting edge or a cutting margin
in there. There it is on that tooth, which is nicely spread out for us. Oops.
00:50:52.810 --> 00:50:53.990
Droege, Sam
To that, a little too hard.
00:50:57.530 --> 00:51:01.860
Droege, Sam
Another you can see how it looks like pignata. Very impressive.
00:51:03.150 --> 00:51:05.990
Droege, Sam
Uh, mandibles. Gosh, what did I just do?
00:51:08.480 --> 00:51:12.150
Droege, Sam
Should be coming back in to view here.
00:51:14.170 --> 00:51:14.770
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:51:21.580 --> 00:51:22.230
Droege, Sam
There we go.
00:51:23.750 --> 00:51:24.880
Droege, Sam
You can see the.
00:51:27.680 --> 00:51:36.000
Droege, Sam
The very dramatic cutting teeth here, there's one. This is on the other mandible and I don't think there's any additional ones in
the back.
00:51:42.500 --> 00:51:45.710
Droege, Sam
Those over, I believe his characters in there.
00:51:47.140 --> 00:51:51.510
Droege, Sam
Let's take a look at one more if I have it just to see
if.
00:51:52.340 --> 00:52:01.450
Droege, Sam
In a specimen with less pollen all over it, where is that one from? It's from
PG county. That's where we are here at the lab.
00:52:02.970 --> 00:52:05.960
Droege, Sam
And move this away.
00:52:07.340 --> 00:52:09.490
Droege, Sam
And take a look at.
00:52:11.920 --> 00:52:13.290
Droege, Sam
OK, here's one.
00:52:15.540 --> 00:52:17.830
Droege, Sam
This one is from West Virginia.
00:52:19.050 --> 00:52:23.680
Droege, Sam
And it's cleaner that has less pollen on it, so it should be less confusing.
00:52:24.700 --> 00:52:27.710
Droege, Sam
We'll take a look at it's S5.
00:52:33.990 --> 00:52:34.830
Droege, Sam
And.
00:52:43.240 --> 00:52:44.950
Droege, Sam
Maybe there is a bunch of polling in there too.
00:52:48.730 --> 00:52:54.070
Droege, Sam
I can see those pale slightly oranges here so often when we talk about.
00:52:54.730 --> 00:52:58.060
Droege, Sam
Here color we just talk about pale or dark.
00:52:58.800 --> 00:52:59.960
Droege, Sam
But within.
00:53:01.330 --> 00:53:05.050
Droege, Sam
Mega Kylie several species have.
00:53:06.620 --> 00:53:08.560
Droege, Sam
Something's have bright white.
00:53:09.730 --> 00:53:15.550
Droege, Sam
Pale hairs that are school players in long and others have.
00:53:16.530 --> 00:53:17.960
Droege, Sam
Where did the specimen go?
00:53:19.260 --> 00:53:19.820
Droege, Sam
There we go.
00:53:20.580 --> 00:53:34.950
Droege, Sam
And others have off. White and others have clearly orange tinged hairs, and
often that can be illuminating. So here you can see kind of the same thing.
Oops.
00:53:39.090 --> 00:53:58.640
Droege, Sam
Which is when we talk about in discover life keys
we're we're including. What color the fringe is. So I
just wanted to see if this pattern held up. So here peel here is that the base
and there are darker hairs around the perimeter fringe. So
you have to be aware of.
00:54:00.050 --> 00:54:03.070
Droege, Sam
That when you're looking at some specifics.
00:54:02.050 --> 00:54:04.460
Maffei, Clare J
And can you send her that in the frame a little bit better?
00:54:04.800 --> 00:54:06.530
Droege, Sam
OK, it seems to be moving.
00:54:06.850 --> 00:54:07.780
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah it does.
00:54:08.860 --> 00:54:09.220
Maffei, Clare J
Thanks.
00:54:10.280 --> 00:54:20.810
Droege, Sam
OK oops and bring that up and we'll. I'm gonna tip it a little bit more so we
can see that fringe, but this is really a go to character.
00:54:21.720 --> 00:54:22.430
Droege, Sam
In.
00:54:24.370 --> 00:54:27.520
Droege, Sam
And and identification of.
00:54:29.040 --> 00:54:30.090
Droege, Sam
Bring this way down.
00:54:31.270 --> 00:54:32.900
Droege, Sam
Identification of.
00:54:33.950 --> 00:54:34.600
Droege, Sam
Me, Kylie.
00:54:40.090 --> 00:54:55.390
Droege, Sam
All right, so here, so this is pulled out quite a bit. So normally this would
be retracted under there, but you can see there are pale hers right here. Those
appear to be very similar to these. They have orangish tinge too.
00:54:57.580 --> 00:55:02.210
Droege, Sam
And then there's a dark hair apple, typical friend. So
I have to mention that to Mike.
00:55:03.110 --> 00:55:04.830
Droege, Sam
Uh, because indeed his.
00:55:05.660 --> 00:55:07.320
Droege, Sam
And to make that as me.
00:55:08.150 --> 00:55:10.220
Droege, Sam
Have only pale hairs.
00:55:11.040 --> 00:55:13.120
Droege, Sam
Or he may be simply not.
00:55:13.860 --> 00:55:17.990
Droege, Sam
Counting the fringe, I'm not sure this is the problem with definitions
sometimes.
00:55:19.600 --> 00:55:37.150
Droege, Sam
Alright, I know we're approaching our time. Let's see if we're. Yeah. So this might be a good stopping point, but I'll. I'll think
I'll contrast the parallel side of things with nonparallel sided ones also show
you, as I like appointees because it's such a another.
00:55:38.920 --> 00:55:39.470
Droege, Sam
Give me.
00:55:40.170 --> 00:55:46.600
Droege, Sam
Umm, specimen and talk about parallel, not parallel sided. And then if there's
any questions we can.
00:55:48.010 --> 00:55:49.030
Droege, Sam
Discuss you know.
00:55:53.780 --> 00:55:54.410
Droege, Sam
We go.
00:56:02.830 --> 00:56:04.650
Droege, Sam
OK so.
00:56:07.680 --> 00:56:13.510
Droege, Sam
We're looking at, first of all, is is an incredibly
dark bee, so this would be the darkest. Make it, Kyle.
00:56:14.760 --> 00:56:17.350
Droege, Sam
I see them mostly on composites.
00:56:18.380 --> 00:56:19.090
Droege, Sam
And.
00:56:20.100 --> 00:56:21.840
Droege, Sam
Zooming around there.
00:56:22.570 --> 00:56:27.790
Droege, Sam
And just jet black and it's very easy to spot in the field.
00:56:28.590 --> 00:56:30.620
Droege, Sam
OK. So there we go.
00:56:32.720 --> 00:56:40.510
Droege, Sam
You bring this back down, but we'll just look at the abdomen shape, not
parallel sided.
00:56:42.430 --> 00:56:46.970
Droege, Sam
In this particular case, and you can see that the
greatest width is.
00:56:48.130 --> 00:56:58.720
Droege, Sam
Not as well to the away from the tip. Let's call it. And it has this broadly
tapering aspect to it, so.
00:56:59.500 --> 00:57:29.850
Droege, Sam
The problem is that when we talk about things like parallel sided then it's
like kind of parallel sided because nothing is exactly parallel cited in
nature, right? There's always gonna be some departure from that. A very exact
definition. And this is the problem when we talk about let's say malar spaces
or something else being equal, equal is very would be very rigidly.
00:57:30.010 --> 00:58:00.920
Droege, Sam
Define it has to be exactly the same on the top and
the bottom, and what we mean is roughly equal in most places, so roughly parallel
sided versus clearly not parallel sided in these cases. So
the next set of species which we'll cover next time are going to have this
taper shape with the greatest width, clearly offset from the middle towards the
base. And this lovely creature here.
00:58:01.160 --> 00:58:10.590
Droege, Sam
Is our friend as I like completes. It's been moving north. It's one of the few
things because so noticeable people will catch it.
00:58:09.940 --> 00:58:10.250
Maffei, Clare J
Hey.
00:58:11.270 --> 00:58:11.870
Droege, Sam
Yeah.
00:58:11.780 --> 00:58:17.230
Maffei, Clare J
Sam, real quick before you go too far into identifying
silica, puedes Laurel had a question.
00:58:13.970 --> 00:58:14.220
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:58:17.460 --> 00:58:17.750
Droege, Sam
OK.
00:58:19.250 --> 00:58:21.410
Trevino, Laurel A
Hello, good afternoon. Thank you.
00:58:21.780 --> 00:58:22.090
Droege, Sam
Umm.
00:58:22.800 --> 00:58:40.100
Trevino, Laurel A
In his key is this the starting point or below xylocopa aides are the rest of
the species non parallel sided, OHP, tapering. So we could say this is kind of the dividing line.
00:58:35.270 --> 00:58:35.880
Droege, Sam
Correct.
00:58:37.130 --> 00:58:37.730
Droege, Sam
Yep.
00:58:40.580 --> 00:58:41.620
Droege, Sam
Yeah. Yes.
00:58:40.800 --> 00:58:42.270
Trevino, Laurel A
At my local parties.
00:58:43.560 --> 00:59:13.670
Droege, Sam
Yeah. So if you look at the, so I've thrown back the
on to screen the the key and so a good a person who does their keys well, which
Mike does, their economist keys has where the previous. So
if we're a couple at 11, it also has in brackets, sometimes it's a slightly
different format, but basically they also say well the place that you ended up.
00:59:13.990 --> 00:59:30.280
Droege, Sam
That you came from was the first couplet. OK, so often you can. That's a useful
guide. Path through keys is to look at which couplet you have as you get more
and more.
00:59:32.350 --> 00:59:52.560
Droege, Sam
Advanced in thinking about species and things you might go like. Well, I think
I'm looking at as I like appointee. So you would jump
in a dichotomous key, would jump right to Zilla Capois and then backtrack
through the key as the most. The quick way to come up with your answer. So here
for example, you would go. OK, so I like appointees.
00:59:54.200 --> 01:00:22.630
Droege, Sam
I can read that yes, that sounds good. Let's go to the next one, which is 11.
OK, so there I am at 11 and I'm going to look at where I came from, which was
this character here pointing me to 12 and I'm good. Agree or disagree. And so you can reverse engineer guides in a useful way. Once you
have some idea, it's like you have a hypothesis like it's.
01:00:22.710 --> 01:00:52.330
Droege, Sam
No, it is. I like a boys and rather than slog through
the whole guide, you could jump right to that species and just verify by using
the guide path that a good guide person would leave. So here we can see, for
example, that this 11, which is how which would go to either 12 or 13. So in 12
we ended up with because I like to ployees and Paulina, which we're not gonna
talk about now.
01:00:52.920 --> 01:01:01.320
Droege, Sam
Umm. But before that it goes to 1 and that's the uh character here parallel
sided not parallel sided essentially.
01:01:02.320 --> 01:01:03.550
Droege, Sam
So does that make sense?
01:01:06.950 --> 01:01:07.460
Trevino, Laurel A
Ohm.
01:01:10.380 --> 01:01:13.310
Trevino, Laurel A
I have to look through it slowly. Thank you.
01:01:12.380 --> 01:01:37.060
Droege, Sam
OK. Yeah. Yeah, no, it is a lot a lot to take in sometimes and it's a very
different like if you're mostly been using discover
life keys, then this is this is a very different approach. It's hard to jump. So people have the most people come in from a dichotomous
key background. And when they go to discover life, they apply their.
01:01:14.390 --> 01:01:16.110
Trevino, Laurel A
It does help. Thank you very much.
01:01:23.330 --> 01:01:23.710
Trevino, Laurel A
Yes.
01:01:37.840 --> 01:01:48.260
Droege, Sam
Dichotomous key mind, which is I have to answer the
first question in order to go to this next question and and it's very
different. Obviously in real life jump around.
01:01:46.410 --> 01:01:50.260
Trevino, Laurel A
Kind of linear linear thinking instead of matrix thinking.
01:01:50.600 --> 01:02:03.970
Droege, Sam
Yeah. So yeah, sometimes there's a transitional issues,
but here we have both keys available to add a lot of interest to our lives.
01:01:51.730 --> 01:01:51.950
Trevino, Laurel A
OK.
01:02:04.660 --> 01:02:05.730
Trevino, Laurel A
Thank you very much.
01:02:04.970 --> 01:02:26.680
Droege, Sam
I'm very, very tiny. Bee lives, so I think that's a good stopping place there
because the next set of species would all be similar in that they are parallel
sided and probably have a lot of and do have a lot of taxonomic similarities
and plus we're approaching if not beyond our time limit.
01:02:28.240 --> 01:02:29.550
Droege, Sam
Any other questions?
01:02:31.800 --> 01:02:36.130
Maffei, Clare J
I think that's all from the chat. At least you're welcome to unmute or we can
wrap it up.
01:02:36.770 --> 01:02:44.470
Droege, Sam
Can. Yeah, here's I, like, completes again. Basically
every piece of this specimen is jet black.
01:02:45.240 --> 01:02:57.270
Droege, Sam
And really, you know spectacularly obvious when it's going around. On top of
these composites rubbing its hinders all over the
place. So it's pretty cool be.
01:03:02.950 --> 01:03:03.780
Maffei, Clare J
All right, well.
01:03:04.740 --> 01:03:07.670
Maffei, Clare J
Page, other buddy. I'm gonna stop the recording now.
01:03:06.130 --> 01:03:06.600
Droege, Sam
OK.
01:03:08.040 --> 01:03:19.160
Droege, Sam
Ohh and Claire, you had mentioned that probably we're gonna cause a lot of
people are in the field that we're probably gonna do the bumblebee talks in the
fall.
01:03:15.000 --> 01:03:15.560
Maffei, Clare J
Yes.
01:03:19.820 --> 01:03:24.050
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, we have one lined up and more to come.
01:03:24.720 --> 01:03:25.120
Droege, Sam
Yeah.
01:03:25.750 --> 01:03:26.100
Maffei, Clare J
Alright.
01:03:27.210 --> 01:03:27.560
Droege, Sam
All right.
01:03:28.530 --> 01:03:29.260
Droege, Sam
Thanks to everyone.
01:03:29.930 --> 01:03:30.320
Maffei, Clare J
Hi.
01:03:30.670 --> 01:03:31.230
Droege, Sam
Thanks Claire.