0:0:0.0 --> 0:0:1.360
Maffei, Clare J
The salmon link show.

0:0:2.600 --> 0:0:28.790
Droege, Sam
OK, I'm just gonna introduce link, but I'm gonna let him speak more broadly as link. I just think of as this debonair Western taxonomist crosses the Canadian US boundary a lot. Now keep kingpin on the Oregon B Atlas doing lots of the identifications. And I'm gonna turn it over to him to embellish that as much as he likes. And then we'll get into his talk, which I'm eager to hear.

0:0:29.930 --> 0:0:30.840
Droege, Sam
And thank you link.

0:0:31.390 --> 0:0:33.530
Best, Lincoln R
Ohh, my pleasure. Thanks for having me.

0:0:34.400 --> 0:0:46.240
Best, Lincoln R
Well, let's see. I'm Lincoln best. I currently work for Oregon State University and the Faculty of Horticulture. I lead the Oregon B Atlas and I provide services to.

0:0:47.360 --> 0:0:48.870
Best, Lincoln R
All sorts of other labs.

0:0:59.110 --> 0:1:10.360
Best, Lincoln R
I've been studying these for about 20 years, starting in undergrad, and it, you know, starting in undergrad after a few years, it just had continued to escalate. And so here I am, surrounded by.

0:1:11.680 --> 0:1:13.120
Best, Lincoln R
A lot of these specimens.

0:1:14.800 --> 0:1:15.960
Best, Lincoln R
So today.

0:1:16.660 --> 0:1:34.350
Best, Lincoln R
I'll have a PowerPoint presentation going. I'll have a projection of my microscope, which is right here. It has a camera on top. I'm gonna have to turn off my webcam in order to just try and save some bandwidth and ensure that this computer can handle all the different things that are going on.

0:1:37.600 --> 0:1:54.660
Best, Lincoln R
If you have any bumblebee species and casts that are must see, uh, make sure you put those into the chat so I can get to those. Otherwise I'm gonna introduce some strategies to western bumblebee identification. Talk a little bit about some of the challenges.

0:1:55.710 --> 0:2:11.720
Best, Lincoln R
And then hopefully provide some strategies and solutions to work through those and we will run a bunch of different bumblebee species under the microscope and try and use one or two primary resources to identify them.

0:2:13.140 --> 0:2:19.480
Best, Lincoln R
So off with the webcam, we do have 50 minutes or so, so let's go.

0:2:31.820 --> 0:2:35.160
Best, Lincoln R
So uh, thanks for Sam and Claire for having me.

0:2:36.560 --> 0:2:43.380
Best, Lincoln R
ODA for and various other agencies for their ongoing support. We have incredible support here in Oregon.

0:2:46.400 --> 0:3:5.850
Best, Lincoln R
And we have also an incredible group of master Methodologists citizen scientists that are contributing immensely to our knowledge of western bees. Of course, especially within Oregon, but also now within Washington state, where they have a Washington B, Atlas and Idaho.

0:3:6.480 --> 0:3:9.290
Best, Lincoln R
And maybe other states in the West in the future.

0:3:11.30 --> 0:3:15.800
Best, Lincoln R
Of course, the Oregon be Atlas is a citizen science initiative to document the BB biodiversity.

0:3:16.710 --> 0:3:20.520
Best, Lincoln R
And those species floral relations in the state.

0:3:20.980 --> 0:3:23.350
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, our members generate.

0:3:24.900 --> 0:3:27.30
Best, Lincoln R
Hundreds of beast species.

0:3:28.620 --> 0:3:43.830
Best, Lincoln R
And several 100 plant records every year, which culminates in around 30,000 pinned be specimens that they catch, curate, label, identify and then turn into me.

0:3:45.740 --> 0:3:50.310
Best, Lincoln R
If you're interested in accessing our master melatonin agist modules.

0:3:50.910 --> 0:4:7.70
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, you can contact us on our organ view Atlas website. Not everyone has to become a master melatonin gist, but we do have all this online programming that can really advance your taxonomic learning.

0:4:8.780 --> 0:4:11.770
Best, Lincoln R
Now, in the last few years since I've been working down here in Oregon.

0:4:13.10 --> 0:4:23.20
Best, Lincoln R
Our Members have generated around 10,000 netted Bumblebee records from hundreds of different host plants, which is really valuable information for understanding.

0:4:23.910 --> 0:4:27.640
Best, Lincoln R
Why things are where they are and what they're doing and how we might.

0:4:28.790 --> 0:4:29.260
Best, Lincoln R
Help them.

0:4:29.960 --> 0:4:40.740
Best, Lincoln R
And then we do have extensive vein trap surveys, which helps us detect rare species and provide historical baselines for bumblebee communities.

0:4:44.110 --> 0:4:47.390
Best, Lincoln R
In the state, we have detected 22 species so far.

0:4:49.540 --> 0:5:0.390
Best, Lincoln R
Those are the ones in black here. The ones in red are species that have historical records. Of course, we haven't detected franklinii in about 17 years.

0:5:1.490 --> 0:5:2.670
Best, Lincoln R
It's likely that.

0:5:4.60 --> 0:5:7.550
Best, Lincoln R
The records for Bombus terricola, from Oregon, are actually.

0:5:9.180 --> 0:5:26.390
Best, Lincoln R
Records of Bobbysocks Dentalis, which was previously considered a subspecies of turricula so those would be records for Bombus terricola subspecies oxidant Talis, so it's not likely that there's legitimate records for terricola in the state. I have not seen any.

0:5:28.50 --> 0:5:39.160
Best, Lincoln R
Now with respect to Bohemia costs and suckleyi, I haven't seen any of those recently, nor have I seen any historical specimens. Both are frequently misidentified.

0:5:40.460 --> 0:5:47.370
Best, Lincoln R
They're both now very rare, so it's possible that they've occurred within the state historically.

0:5:48.410 --> 0:6:8.90
Best, Lincoln R
But I have yet to see any specimens, either historical or contemporary. Finally, Frigidus is either a boreal or a high elevation species. It's infrequently encountered. It's also very commonly misidentified. I haven't seen any contemporary specimens or historical specimens of that for the state, so it may be here.

0:6:8.820 --> 0:6:10.80
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, we will see.

0:6:11.110 --> 0:6:18.40
Best, Lincoln R
Finally, there's some records for pennsylvanicus. Again, a species that's commonly misidentified. This is more of a.

0:6:18.120 --> 0:6:35.520
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah. Well, I would say the closest reasonable records would be Midwest. And although we do get some Midwest beef fauna into Eastern Oregon, I find it probably unlikely that pennsylvanicus is here. We will see.

0:6:38.710 --> 0:6:42.580
Best, Lincoln R
Now, uh, much like the presentation in the YouTube link.

0:6:43.460 --> 0:7:2.420
Best, Lincoln R
I in my when I teach about bumblebee identification, I provide three strategies in increasing difficulty. So the first strategy is to just use the color forms. Combine that with the maps in bumblebees in North America and the preferred habitat for these things.

0:7:3.520 --> 0:7:22.570
Best, Lincoln R
And that can usually through a process of elimination, provide you with a short list of likely candidates. And if you do that, you'll find that your species is actually almost always within that short list. So it's a pretty effective way, but may not get a definitive answer for you.

0:7:39.920 --> 0:7:43.840
Best, Lincoln R
Subgeneric global subgeneric reclassification that he published.

0:7:44.640 --> 0:7:55.80
Best, Lincoln R
And so that's a short key that just sorts out the North American subgenera of course, this helps again delimit the possible list of species you might be dealing with, and we'll be looking at this today.

0:7:56.640 --> 0:8:5.110
Best, Lincoln R
And then finally, of course you can use additional microscopic characters and color forms within the key to species within.

0:8:5.890 --> 0:8:8.960
Best, Lincoln R
Paul Williams, bumblebees of North America field guide.

0:8:11.100 --> 0:8:11.350
Maffei, Clare J
I.

0:8:14.530 --> 0:8:14.820
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah.

0:8:11.500 --> 0:8:16.430
Maffei, Clare J
I have a question really quick for Sam. Do we have any?

0:8:18.170 --> 0:8:25.580
Maffei, Clare J
Gauge on how well marked for the bumblebees the subgenera are in discovery life. I know in some.

0:8:26.270 --> 0:8:32.280
Maffei, Clare J
Groups we don't necessarily have every species you know clicked with the radio dial for their subgenera.

0:8:32.990 --> 0:8:33.960
Maffei, Clare J
Are there some genius?

0:8:32.680 --> 0:8:42.250
Droege, Sam
Yeah, we, we we did the we did the bumblebee guide and we did it for all species known at the time in the the 2000s with.

0:8:44.200 --> 0:8:47.610
Droege, Sam
Ah, why am I forgetting her name? She's at the University of Michigan now.

0:8:50.600 --> 0:8:51.40
Maffei, Clare J
The area.

0:8:49.30 --> 0:9:17.680
Droege, Sam
Erica Tucker and but really have not visited that again and I don't believe we have some general specific ones. We were concentrating on going right to species. But I'm interested in links work because now what we're doing is we're adding additional characters based on other people's dichotomous keys. And so we'll probably talk to you about that, but probably incorporate them into because we just don't.

0:9:20.270 --> 0:9:20.500
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah.

0:9:18.180 --> 0:9:30.530
Droege, Sam
Work out West, so a lot of these Western guides are, you know, basically what we had from Smithsonian and are relatively untested but not tended like we do for the eastern ways.

0:9:32.380 --> 0:9:37.30
Best, Lincoln R
Well, I haven't used the discover life Bombus resources extensively.

0:9:38.840 --> 0:9:47.830
Best, Lincoln R
I would say mostly I've relied on the published. I caught a mouse keys, you know, coaches, Western bumblebees.

0:9:48.720 --> 0:9:52.590
Best, Lincoln R
And originally, Paul Williams had a.

0:9:53.250 --> 0:10:13.480
Best, Lincoln R
Key to the color forms of female bumblebees of the world matrix based key on his Natural History Museum website and until that became dysfunctional because the Java is so far outdated now, I found that to be a really good learning resource. So unfortunately I can't really comment on the discover life.

0:10:13.760 --> 0:10:16.580
Best, Lincoln R
Umm. Resources very effectively.

0:10:18.110 --> 0:10:20.610
Best, Lincoln R
Here will be using Paul's.

0:10:22.220 --> 0:10:24.600
Best, Lincoln R
Subgeneric key that I've modified.

0:10:25.380 --> 0:10:55.610
Best, Lincoln R
And as well, take a look at the species key that's in the back of the bumblebees of North America. Identification guide, pictured here. Now, throughout this talk, I will be showing lots of different color form templates from this guide. And I try to credit Paul wherever those occur. And so you'll see those. You'll see his little photo in the corner where I've used his template images. Now, in addition to that.

0:10:56.210 --> 0:11:8.330
Best, Lincoln R
Although it's not specific to bumblebees, I have to mention Olivia and Joseph's work on the bees in your backyard and forthcoming common bees of Eastern and western North America.

0:11:9.130 --> 0:11:15.130
Best, Lincoln R
As well as this great bumblebee poster that Joe compiled is just fantastic. Beautiful stuff.

0:11:16.850 --> 0:11:22.360
Best, Lincoln R
So moving on, just to reiterate those three bumblebee identification strategies.

0:11:23.700 --> 0:11:24.800
Best, Lincoln R
The first is just.

0:11:25.750 --> 0:11:31.310
Best, Lincoln R
An introductory strategy to learn the color forms to use those maps.

0:11:32.70 --> 0:11:46.710
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, and description of their preferred habitats, whether these are grassland species or Alpine species, whether they're trans, boreal or southeastern. That information will allow you to delimit.

0:11:48.800 --> 0:12:1.850
Best, Lincoln R
Your species from the total list of North American species, and you'll end up with a a short handful. You know, three to six species of likely candidates for whichever bumble bee you managed to photograph or capture.

0:12:3.140 --> 0:12:11.100
Best, Lincoln R
And that's us. A good first stage for people getting into bumblebees, of course. And notification of bumblebees is difficult.

0:12:12.210 --> 0:12:21.620
Best, Lincoln R
We'll be looking at some serious mimicry complexes in a little bit, but just practice looking at those color forms and assessing them. We'll serve you really well.

0:12:23.30 --> 0:12:53.350
Best, Lincoln R
Secondarily, we'll be looking at those sub generic characters, which I'll introduce and which you have should have all received a PDF of, and we'll flip through that initially and then we'll run AB or two through it just to show to demonstrate its utility and to just reintroduce those half dozen key characters that will help you get your bumble bees to subgenus. And then finally, we'll run some.

0:12:54.0 --> 0:12:58.490
Best, Lincoln R
BJ's through Paul's species key in the back of Bumpies North America.

0:13:2.550 --> 0:13:4.830
Best, Lincoln R
So in order to assess the color templates.

0:13:6.360 --> 0:13:7.850
Best, Lincoln R
You know, we all have to.

0:13:8.0 --> 0:13:10.230
Best, Lincoln R
Transcribe, but we see.

0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:25.300
Best, Lincoln R
In our image or on our specimen onto the template now, Elaine covered this fairly well, so I won't get into all of the terminology of the tergites and so on, but just understand that you will have to transform.

0:13:26.420 --> 0:13:35.60
Best, Lincoln R
Something that's fairly variable into something that's rather static and so it's not easy, but with a little practice you can do it pretty accurately.

0:13:35.810 --> 0:14:4.370
Best, Lincoln R
So this is a pretty good representation of that B. If we take a look, we can see that there's intermixed hairs on the shoulders on the face, which is represented by the Gray brown color here on the posterior thoracic band door. Silly. It's bright yellow, T1, bright yellow, 223 orangey red, and then mostly black on the apical tergites. Now, one serious difference we see is that there is some.

0:14:6.210 --> 0:14:27.360
Best, Lincoln R
Yellow hairs laterally on the anterior part of T4, and so that's not represented here. And so of course the great challenge with bumblebees is that they're highly variable. Some species have dozens of identifiable color morphs, and that's the sticky part.

0:14:28.920 --> 0:14:45.320
Best, Lincoln R
And so you know, although we start with just this, you know, single B, we'll find that within the guide you have to kind of reconcile the actual color form of the specimen with those static color forms that are represented in the guide.

0:14:46.730 --> 0:15:5.320
Best, Lincoln R
In order to represent all the subtle variations that you would occur in that would occur in nature or that you might encounter. Of course, there might have to be hundreds of these templates for some of these individual species, and that's not really realistic and so much like the Audubon Bird guides where they.

0:15:6.0 --> 0:15:11.980
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, you know, painted a picture to kind of represent the breadth of the.

0:15:13.430 --> 0:15:15.500
Best, Lincoln R
Appearance of some of these species we have.

0:15:17.130 --> 0:15:22.950
Best, Lincoln R
Kind of far fewer templates than forms you might that might occur in nature.

0:15:25.290 --> 0:15:33.540
Best, Lincoln R
Now if you do this even in your backyard fauna, after some time you'll come to recognize these things.

0:15:34.730 --> 0:15:43.520
Best, Lincoln R
And you might end up familiarizing yourself with the six to 12 species that might commonly occur in your backyard and at anyone location.

0:15:44.640 --> 0:16:3.570
Best, Lincoln R
Especially in temperate and more northern parts of North America, we expect to see around 6:00 to 12:00 species at any one location. And so you might expect to find that many in your backyard. And so here is an example of 1 local fauna. These are the bumblebee species of the ponderay.

0:16:4.910 --> 0:16:5.810
Best, Lincoln R
In British Columbia.

0:16:7.540 --> 0:16:14.510
Best, Lincoln R
Now this doesn't look too bad. There's some some mimicry here. Lots of just black and yellow species.

0:16:15.820 --> 0:16:42.210
Best, Lincoln R
But we do find that there's some variation among them, so you'd be able to sort some of these out pretty reliably just by going on the color forms, the geography and the habitat. Now when you get into some areas of Western North America, we're presented with this difficulty. We have many species that have many color forms approximating these.

0:16:45.930 --> 0:16:56.670
Best, Lincoln R
Images here. So this is from page 40 in the bumblebees of North America. And these are just mimicry complexes three and four.

0:16:58.40 --> 0:17:11.290
Best, Lincoln R
So what we find here is many B's with yellow faces, yellow heads, yellow shoulders, maybe yellow, T1 and yellow markings somewhere around T4.

0:17:13.190 --> 0:17:15.840
Best, Lincoln R
Or a little bit more posteriorly.

0:17:16.660 --> 0:17:42.180
Best, Lincoln R
And so after you spend 10 years looking at bumblebees, you'll be able to recognize the differences between these and among them really quickly. But when you first start, the difference between this and this might drive you nuts. And so we're going to look at a few strategies to help you differentiate between this and this. Of course, one of the first ways to do that is to just.

0:17:43.10 --> 0:17:45.210
Best, Lincoln R
Identify them to subgenus.

0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:51.930
Best, Lincoln R
And this is another way of just delimiting the total number of options.

0:17:53.520 --> 0:17:55.850
Best, Lincoln R
To shorten the potential list of species.

0:17:58.130 --> 0:18:12.900
Best, Lincoln R
What we find here is that all of these species on the top row are pyro. Bombus, we have a few similar looking Bombus sensors stricto subgenera species. We have kind of 1 column antabus that fits within this complex.

0:18:13.630 --> 0:18:16.120
Best, Lincoln R
Or at least one color form of 1 species.

0:18:17.550 --> 0:18:24.960
Best, Lincoln R
Sure, some of you already know who this is. And then of course, we have a few others, including some cuckoos.

0:18:28.40 --> 0:18:42.100
Best, Lincoln R
So I haven't included all of the Western species and forms that fall within this unfortunate I don't have all of them on hand, but I do have lots of specimens and species on hand and we'll work our way through a whole bunch of these.

0:18:48.360 --> 0:18:57.940
Best, Lincoln R
So like I said, once you've kind of familiarize yourself with the field guide, a good place to jump in is to identify your B to subgenus. Now you can do that.

0:18:58.730 --> 0:19:1.960
Best, Lincoln R
With this document that I sent, no, not that one.

0:19:4.340 --> 0:19:11.400
Best, Lincoln R
Those slides are just coming up next, but with the document I sent around, which is a modified key to the subgenera of North America.

0:19:12.760 --> 0:19:25.670
Best, Lincoln R
And so you can also use the first few couplets in the species key in the field guide because it has a very similar structure to a key that is solely to subject level.

0:19:27.930 --> 0:19:36.120
Best, Lincoln R
So crack open that PDF and we'll just quickly look at some of the characters necessary to identify your bumble bees.

0:19:37.20 --> 0:19:37.880
Best, Lincoln R
To subgenera.

0:19:38.850 --> 0:19:54.250
Best, Lincoln R
These are short keys for the females here. There's seven couplets and of course this is modified from Paul's 2007 work where he simply provided a simplified subgeneric classification for the bumble bees of the world.

0:19:55.760 --> 0:19:58.820
Best, Lincoln R
And that was really useful step in helping us sort out.

0:19:59.930 --> 0:20:3.490
Best, Lincoln R
The global bumblebee fauna really cool work.

0:20:4.910 --> 0:20:22.0
Best, Lincoln R
So First off, we'll just look at that hind tibia and determine whether it has a corbicula or not. If it doesn't have a corbicula, then immediately we know that we're dealing with a cuckoo bumblebee and the subgenus Sitorus, and that's already in the West delimited to these four species.

0:20:22.910 --> 0:20:25.700
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, so although some of these look very similar.

0:20:27.510 --> 0:20:33.20
Best, Lincoln R
To some of our non cuckoo bumblebees. Just by looking at that hind leg and.

0:20:34.190 --> 0:20:39.800
Best, Lincoln R
Acknowledging the sex, you'll be able to sort out that subgenus really quickly now if it has a corbicula.

0:20:41.520 --> 0:20:43.260
Best, Lincoln R
You'll take a look at the.

0:20:44.150 --> 0:21:5.920
Best, Lincoln R
Anterior mandibular keel here and you'll take a look at whether it is continuous with the edge of the mandible that raised part. That keel is continuous with the edge of the mandible and you'll take a look at the proximal posteriorly directed process on behind Bazzi, Tarsus. Whether it's long and pointy or.

0:21:7.60 --> 0:21:19.150
Best, Lincoln R
Whether it's shorter and wider, and additionally you'll be reexamining the keel, the interior keel on your bumble bee mandible to see if it's continuous with the raised edge here.

0:21:20.400 --> 0:21:33.70
Best, Lincoln R
If it's discontinuous, well you have subgenus Bombus and in the West here. That's just one species, Bombus nevadensis. And so by looking at 2 characters, you can help sort out.

0:21:34.250 --> 0:21:39.60
Best, Lincoln R
This sub genus and species now moving on. If your B had a.

0:21:39.140 --> 0:21:42.500
Best, Lincoln R
She tenuous keel and a longer.

0:21:44.90 --> 0:21:45.30
Best, Lincoln R
Narrower.

0:21:45.700 --> 0:21:51.850
Best, Lincoln R
Proximal posterior directed process on the hind bazzi, tarsus.

0:21:53.310 --> 0:21:57.520
Best, Lincoln R
You move on to a couple of three and you'll take a look at that, mid Bazzi Tarsis to see if.

0:21:58.200 --> 0:22:3.490
Best, Lincoln R
It has a sharp angle of 45 degrees or less, and we'll take a look at that and how to get a good.

0:22:4.200 --> 0:22:5.880
Best, Lincoln R
View of it under the microscope.

0:22:6.820 --> 0:22:11.40
Best, Lincoln R
And you'll compare that to it being possibly rounded.

0:22:13.260 --> 0:22:35.800
Best, Lincoln R
Or with an angle of more than 45 degrees. Of course, if it is very angular, that narrows it down to thoraco Bombus and subterraneo bambus, and to separate those two subjects, we're just going to take a look at the punctuation on the clip. Yes, whether it's mostly in punctate centrally here for subterranean Bombus, or if it's punctured.

0:22:37.260 --> 0:22:41.750
Best, Lincoln R
Umm centrally with large and small punctured in the case of Thorak Obamas.

0:22:42.730 --> 0:22:50.180
Best, Lincoln R
And this will help us sort out some more of these, you know very similar looking bumblebee color Mars.

0:22:51.910 --> 0:22:59.230
Best, Lincoln R
Now recall if you're mid bazzy Tarsis was rounded or had an angle of less than 45 degrees.

0:23:0.820 --> 0:23:5.160
Best, Lincoln R
On the distal posterior corner, you're going to take a look at the.

0:23:6.270 --> 0:23:7.960
Best, Lincoln R
Click yes to see how.

0:23:8.570 --> 0:23:12.860
Best, Lincoln R
Umm convexities as well as you'll take a look at the.

0:23:15.230 --> 0:23:18.380
Best, Lincoln R
Bottom corner of the mandible for a notch and you'll.

0:23:19.30 --> 0:23:28.10
Best, Lincoln R
Look at how deep that notch is compared to its width, and whether the clip yes is more convex or more flattened.

0:23:29.830 --> 0:23:48.120
Best, Lincoln R
It does have a deep notch, which is an unusual character, so this is for more rare bees. You'll find that that is Bomba Senso stricto which is many of our species at risk, or Alpine Obamas, which is maybe a future species at risk.

0:23:48.790 --> 0:23:56.210
Best, Lincoln R
And you can differentiate those two by the length of the ocular Mailer area or the cheek the bumblebee cheek.

0:24:38.510 --> 0:24:44.430
Best, Lincoln R
So here we find that the lateral acellus is about two of its own diameters from the eye margin.

0:24:45.120 --> 0:25:15.630
Best, Lincoln R
And you can compare that to Kumano, Bombus, which has a relatively larger lateral acellus, which is only about one and a half of its diameters to the eye margin. So I'm sure some of you in the audience are well aware that Bombas Rufus, since this has a color forms that mimic nearly every other bumblebee. And so the quick way to figure out if this is a cool mano Bombus and a roof of Sanctus is to just take a quick look at those lateral ocelli and see.

0:25:15.740 --> 0:25:19.210
Best, Lincoln R
If they're relatively large and close to the eye margin.

0:25:21.170 --> 0:25:27.30
Maffei, Clare J
Like do you use any measuring methods for that or is this like an eyeballing it?

0:25:29.300 --> 0:25:30.150
Maffei, Clare J
Great, we love that.

0:25:27.270 --> 0:25:38.990
Best, Lincoln R
I totally eyeball it and so you can see here on the left we have Pyro, Bombus, on the right, we have culum enobarbus, and you can see that this is two of its own diameters.

0:25:39.640 --> 0:25:40.160
Best, Lincoln R
And.

0:25:40.850 --> 0:25:46.10
Best, Lincoln R
Not only is it two of its own diameters, when you look at a pyrobot's lateral ocelli, they just look small.

0:25:46.760 --> 0:25:57.50
Best, Lincoln R
And so when you look at a Kumano, Bombus lateral, ocellus, it just looks larger. And so after you look at 10 or 20,000 of these, it just jumps out at you.

0:25:58.550 --> 0:26:8.730
Best, Lincoln R
But otherwise you can see that it is about 1 1/2 lateral cell diameters to the I margin here and about 2 here.

0:26:9.550 --> 0:26:13.20
Best, Lincoln R
And we'll take a look at some of those and I'll point that out in some specimens shortly.

0:26:15.0 --> 0:26:19.310
Best, Lincoln R
Finally, let's just take a quick breeze through the mail characters. So.

0:26:20.0 --> 0:26:43.30
Best, Lincoln R
You'll be happy to know that these are all genitalia characters, and so just a brief reintroduction to the mail genital capsule morphology, we have gonna base coxa the spatha, which I try not to look at because it's often kind of obscured. And importantly, the pennis valves paired in the middle.

0:26:43.880 --> 0:26:47.140
Best, Lincoln R
And the gonno stylist laterally and the vocelli.

0:26:47.950 --> 0:26:56.480
Best, Lincoln R
And so just moving through these characters, looking at the vocelli on the end of the Gonocyte first we find that stethorus have simple.

0:26:58.920 --> 0:27:24.410
Best, Lincoln R
Forcella with long or medium length branched hairs. The remainder of our bumblebee subgenera will have almost entirely simple hairs, a more heavily sclerotized with Cela, which is a much more complex structure. So almost all of our Synthroid species look just like this one, except for bombs Flavius, which is a little more crescentic.

0:27:25.720 --> 0:27:26.470
Best, Lincoln R
Moving on.

0:27:28.290 --> 0:27:28.710
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:27:30.130 --> 0:27:37.610
Best, Lincoln R
The easier way to recognize Bombus, rather than looking at the spatha here is to just look at the antenna length.

0:27:39.280 --> 0:27:41.970
Best, Lincoln R
And the general form and appearance.

0:27:43.180 --> 0:27:46.910
Best, Lincoln R
Where Bombus are large males that are shaped kind of like a bullet.

0:27:48.740 --> 0:27:55.490
Best, Lincoln R
Huge eyes, relatively short antennae for a male bumblebee, and they're very robust.

0:27:56.750 --> 0:28:8.310
Best, Lincoln R
The remainder of our bumblebee subgenera have medium to long antennae and are not nearly as kind of robust, chunky and bullet shaped as a bombus is, so if you have a.

0:28:9.0 --> 0:28:12.500
Best, Lincoln R
But will be with longer antennae. It take a look at the peenis valves.

0:28:13.700 --> 0:28:27.10
Best, Lincoln R
If they're widened, you're going to have one of our species at risk within the Bomba sense of stricto, or Bombus subgenus. And if they're more narrowed, we're gonna move on and it'll be another.

0:28:28.600 --> 0:28:29.320
Best, Lincoln R
Subgenus so.

0:28:30.70 --> 0:28:37.920
Best, Lincoln R
If you have those narrower penis valves, you're going to take a look and see whether they're straight on the top or whether they're curved out.

0:28:39.810 --> 0:28:42.370
Best, Lincoln R
Umm versus curved in?

0:28:43.150 --> 0:28:57.710
Best, Lincoln R
So of course, all of our Pyro, Bombus, have very strongly hooked penis valves hooked inwards, just like this one, and some of our other subgenera have more kind of scalloped or scooped shaped.

0:28:58.800 --> 0:29:0.270
Best, Lincoln R
Uh pennis valves apically.

0:29:4.840 --> 0:29:21.890
Best, Lincoln R
So if it's straight or curved out, we'll go to couple of five and we'll find that if it has this little process on the Gono stylus that we're working with Thoraco Obamas. And of course, if it's lacking that narrow process, then we have Alpine Obamas.

0:29:31.160 --> 0:29:35.930
Best, Lincoln R
Now if the pennis valves were curved inwards.

0:29:37.50 --> 0:29:49.10
Best, Lincoln R
And the one with Stylus is a simple triangle, and we're dealing with Pyro Bombus, and those genitalia are really easy to recognize once you have a little bit of experience comparing bumblebee penises.

0:29:51.500 --> 0:30:1.110
Best, Lincoln R
And then, of course, if the gonna stylus is not a simple little triangle on top and it has some processes and it's a more complex shape and it's gonna be one of our remaining subgenre which are.

0:30:2.290 --> 0:30:2.660
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:30:3.380 --> 0:30:15.910
Best, Lincoln R
Some training, Obamas and Coolum and Obamas subterranean Obamas, of course, have an angle or a procent process along their medial length, whereas Coulomb mental bombus are straight.

0:30:17.700 --> 0:30:22.610
Best, Lincoln R
And we can take a look at lots of mail, bumblebee genitalia today if people are keen on that.

0:30:23.880 --> 0:30:33.840
Best, Lincoln R
So finally, if you have run your bees through the subgeneric key, which is not super easy but with little practice, you'll be able to recognize the subgenre really quickly.

0:30:35.630 --> 0:30:43.190
Best, Lincoln R
This is where you can integrate. Of course, all of your skill interpreting color forms, the geography, the habitat and microscopic characters.

0:30:44.290 --> 0:30:55.380
Best, Lincoln R
Those that we learned in the Subgeneric key, and of course those that Paul uses to further elucidate the species within the species key in the.

0:30:56.170 --> 0:30:58.800
Best, Lincoln R
North American bumblebee key.

0:31:0.300 --> 0:31:6.510
Best, Lincoln R
Of course, for the males, this is where you'll often need to dissect and examine the male genitalia.

0:31:7.790 --> 0:31:9.440
Best, Lincoln R
It can be a little.

0:31:10.820 --> 0:31:19.90
Best, Lincoln R
Nerve wracking initially, but I think anyone can learn to dissect the male genitalia of bumblebees effectively.

0:31:20.10 --> 0:31:24.280
Best, Lincoln R
And also learn to assess them effectively as well.

0:31:26.280 --> 0:31:26.910
Best, Lincoln R
So.

0:31:32.460 --> 0:31:32.660
Best, Lincoln R
Good.

0:31:26.530 --> 0:31:48.530
Maffei, Clare J
So before we before we transition, I have a few things from the chat that I wanted to I was holding off first thing in regards to like the dissection, if we've talked about dissection before on here, but we want your hot take of if you don't do that right at the time of pinning, do you have?

0:31:49.330 --> 0:32:0.410
Maffei, Clare J
A magical way that you can achieve that after the fact? Or are we? Are we, you know, permanently disabled in that way?

0:32:1.340 --> 0:32:3.60
Best, Lincoln R
Alright, let me just try and.

0:32:4.510 --> 0:32:28.890
Best, Lincoln R
Here we go. Hi, folks. So that's a good question. So there's a few different strategies and it depends on what kind of samples you're dealing with. So when we work with vein trap samples, we have some of our technicians sort out all the bumblebees into a bumblebee subsample from our vein traps and then we get a remaining subsample of all the other critters that were in the V traps. And what we do is we.

0:32:30.290 --> 0:32:32.290
Best, Lincoln R
Those are always stored in bottles of alcohol.

0:32:33.30 --> 0:32:51.310
Best, Lincoln R
And the way we process them is we blot the specimen, all those bumblebee specimens on paper towel to soak off as much as the alcohol from their bodies as possible. Then we'll blow dry them into a big fuzzy pyramid. Some of our vein trap samples can have upwards of 2000 specimens in them.

0:33:35.690 --> 0:34:5.820
Best, Lincoln R
Voznesensky and Collagenosis and the odd other species that I just don't recognize immediately. So what I do is while they're still soft and pliable, having come out of a bottle of ethanol, I just will grab the specimen. They're not pinned. I'll just grab the specimen, put it under the scope, use a hooked pin to just pop out, or expose the genitalia. I don't necessarily have to.

0:34:6.610 --> 0:34:37.20
Best, Lincoln R
Fully have the general capsule come out often. I just need to see the pennis valves, especially if I have, say 200 mail vas collagenosis, I just need to see the pennis valves and collagenosis. They're wider and shorter. And in VAS they're narrower and pointier and longer. And so really all I have to do is take a pin with a little ****** Burr on it, pull on the apical tergites to expose the tip of the capsule, and I can see immediately those valves.

0:34:37.210 --> 0:34:48.440
Best, Lincoln R
And then I can throw it in the right pile. And so that's an easy way to do it in volume from vein traps. The alternative is if you're dealing with pin specimens.

0:34:48.960 --> 0:34:49.510
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:34:51.350 --> 0:34:53.330
Best, Lincoln R
You'll use some sort of container.

0:35:3.80 --> 0:35:13.590
Best, Lincoln R
You know a piece of foam that's sitting on top of these moist paper towels, and I'll leave these specimens in the humidity chamber for between 12 and 36 hours.

0:35:14.820 --> 0:35:33.140
Best, Lincoln R
After about 30 hours, depending on the temperature you are starting to risk mold, which will grow exponentially and so some specimens do take a little bit longer to humidify so that there's sufficiently pliable to be able to expose or extract the genitalia, and so.

0:35:35.170 --> 0:35:46.480
Best, Lincoln R
Umm after after 2430 hours. You really gotta keep us super close eye on them to make sure that you're specimens don't go moldy, but usually within 12 to 24 hours, they're sufficiently pliable.

0:35:47.80 --> 0:36:3.410
Best, Lincoln R
Umm. And so actually right now we can take a look and we can try and I'll show you my little tool that I use which is just a pin with a Burr on it. And we'll see if we can dissect some of these mails and we'll demonstration and then we'll just.

0:36:3.130 --> 0:36:5.100
Maffei, Clare J
That's going to be awesome. Thank you.

0:36:4.500 --> 0:36:8.80
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, we'll take a brief look at the the What you can see.

0:36:9.60 --> 0:36:36.600
Best, Lincoln R
You know, because once you've done this a bunch, you don't really have to expose the whole genital capsule. There's not really any characters at the base of it that are you need to see. You just mostly need to see if you consider that a bumblebee pennis is for pronged with two COC sites and two pennis valves. You really just need to see the apical parts of those in order to get a confident determination on that specimen. So let's take a look here.

0:36:37.750 --> 0:36:42.310
Droege, Sam
Wink while you're setting that up. Just a quick question. If you have dried.

0:36:46.630 --> 0:36:47.510
Maffei, Clare J
That's just Sam.

0:36:48.750 --> 0:37:0.860
Droege, Sam
In a pitch him after you do the ID you're going to database them. Is it actually possible to rush the abdomen and extract the genital capsule in any way that's useful, or do you really still?

0:37:1.920 --> 0:37:3.420
Droege, Sam
Their relaxation first.

0:37:6.250 --> 0:37:13.290
Best, Lincoln R
If you're not worried about keeping the specimen in decent quality, you could probably just rip the abdomen off, rip it in half.

0:37:14.140 --> 0:37:16.450
Best, Lincoln R
And then find the characters you need.

0:37:18.30 --> 0:37:23.980
Best, Lincoln R
And update your you know your row of data with the taxonomic information and move on.

0:37:26.460 --> 0:37:43.150
Best, Lincoln R
You know, in most cases, for most species, that individual specimen may not necessarily have to be preserved in good condition or preserved indefinitely. A lot of these species are common, widespread and well known, and so.

0:37:43.690 --> 0:37:44.260
Best, Lincoln R
You know.

0:37:46.150 --> 0:37:48.980
Best, Lincoln R
That's that's absolutely a possibility now.

0:37:49.860 --> 0:37:59.130
Best, Lincoln R
And the hydration method I always you know, I like to one of my one of my main motivators is just to produce lots of data. And so I'm very production focused.

0:38:0.0 --> 0:38:0.890
Best, Lincoln R
And so.

0:38:2.420 --> 0:38:8.180
Best, Lincoln R
I know that I can dissect about 135 male bumblebees per hour.

0:38:9.460 --> 0:38:24.530
Best, Lincoln R
To give you a sense of you know, if you're doing a masters project and you have 2000 bumblebees and 400 of them are males that you maybe need to dissect to assess them well. With practice you can probably do 100 in an hour once they've been humidified and so.

0:38:25.710 --> 0:38:49.470
Best, Lincoln R
Every year I'm identifying around 3500 bumble bees that were collected in Nets and pinned and labeled for the Oregon B Atlas and a couple hundred of those, all humidify and dissect, and that takes me most of them morning to do our annual B Atlas bumblebees the mails and so it's not too time consuming.

0:38:50.970 --> 0:38:57.820
Best, Lincoln R
I don't think, but you know, certainly you know some destructive sampling you know, could be justified and effective.

0:39:0.490 --> 0:39:0.740
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.

0:38:59.450 --> 0:39:2.60
Droege, Sam
OK. Yeah. Sounds like you've got that. Got it down.

0:39:3.290 --> 0:39:9.480
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, I think this is the this your explanation really helps quell some of the anxiety of.

0:39:10.910 --> 0:39:15.920
Maffei, Clare J
Wow. Will I ever be able to idea it if I don't have the dental capsule?

0:39:16.930 --> 0:39:24.680
Maffei, Clare J
I'm also. I just wanted to put these on the radar as we are going into microscope land and I know that we are. We have 20 minutes on the clock but.

0:39:26.220 --> 0:39:32.820
Maffei, Clare J
We can always come back to this if you are available, or stretch it a little bit longer. I guess we all need to be somewhere too.

0:39:31.610 --> 0:39:35.480
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, yeah, for sure we could do this for you know.

0:39:36.950 --> 0:39:40.140
Best, Lincoln R
10 hours easily. So here's a male bumblebee.

0:39:40.920 --> 0:39:48.650
Best, Lincoln R
If you think you know what it is, put your answer in the chat. Uh subgenus species. That's up to you. We can see that it has fairly long antennae.

0:39:49.790 --> 0:39:54.920
Best, Lincoln R
If we zoom in and take a look at the celly.

0:41:31.230 --> 0:41:48.700
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, this is not the best representation. And then on the other side, another hooked peenis valve. This is the simple vocelli here. Simple triangular voljela. These pennis valves are straight and then apically hooked inwards.

0:41:49.560 --> 0:41:53.860
Best, Lincoln R
So this is one that doesn't need to be dissected. You can see what you need to see.

0:41:54.670 --> 0:41:57.450
Best, Lincoln R
And if you were to run this through the key.

0:41:58.940 --> 0:42:2.640
Best, Lincoln R
Now I want to show you my tool which is I take a number 2 pin.

0:42:3.630 --> 0:42:4.950
Best, Lincoln R
See if I can zoom in on it.

0:42:5.800 --> 0:42:8.680
Best, Lincoln R
Take a number 2 pin and I just bend.

0:42:10.240 --> 0:42:15.500
Best, Lincoln R
The tip ever so slightly on a piece of glass or some other extremely hard.

0:42:16.710 --> 0:42:19.370
Best, Lincoln R
Surface. Let me just zoom in on that.

0:42:23.0 --> 0:42:27.460
Best, Lincoln R
So ultimately this is just a pin that has a tiny bur or hook on the end.

0:42:29.60 --> 0:42:29.990
Best, Lincoln R
Right about there.

0:42:31.690 --> 0:42:32.840
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, I think we see it well.

0:42:33.520 --> 0:42:36.940
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah. So you know it's a simple tool you can make as many as you want.

0:42:40.130 --> 0:42:44.650
Best, Lincoln R
And so I'll just provide a demonstration here of how you can.

0:42:45.850 --> 0:42:46.460
Best, Lincoln R
Pop your.

0:42:47.650 --> 0:42:49.420
Best, Lincoln R
Mail bumble bee genitalia out.

0:42:53.30 --> 0:42:57.180
Best, Lincoln R
And you'll have to maybe just give me some guidance as we go.

0:42:58.900 --> 0:43:2.530
Best, Lincoln R
Because I will not be able to assess the quality super well.

0:43:4.510 --> 0:43:7.960
Best, Lincoln R
As I'm doing this, I'll be looking through the microscope mostly.

0:43:9.350 --> 0:43:12.200
Best, Lincoln R
So I'm holding the specimen between my.

0:43:14.600 --> 0:43:16.570
Best, Lincoln R
Index finger and thumb.

0:43:20.930 --> 0:43:23.230
Best, Lincoln R
Let's see here. These are the sternites.

0:43:24.590 --> 0:43:26.300
Best, Lincoln R
Here's the apical tergite.

0:43:27.320 --> 0:43:34.80
Best, Lincoln R
And once you have some practice looking at the structures, really all you need to do is maybe tease open the apex.

0:43:38.200 --> 0:43:43.130
Best, Lincoln R
So here you can already see those two white lines are the pennis valves.

0:43:44.230 --> 0:43:44.840
Best, Lincoln R
Zoom in.

0:43:46.130 --> 0:43:50.420
Maffei, Clare J
This is a perfect shot. The lights a lot better. This is very helpful. Thank you.

0:43:50.600 --> 0:43:54.680
Best, Lincoln R
OK so here you can just by pushing on S.

0:43:55.710 --> 0:43:57.800
Best, Lincoln R
Uh as six or 7 S 7.

0:43:59.280 --> 0:44:6.480
Best, Lincoln R
Typical sternite and pulling on the apical tergite. You can immediately let me zoom in even more.

0:44:7.890 --> 0:44:10.990
Best, Lincoln R
Immediately you can see those structures.

0:44:14.360 --> 0:44:23.70
Best, Lincoln R
You can see the peenis valves which are touching medially so you can tease you can jam your pin in there, push them apart to get a better sense of.

0:44:24.20 --> 0:44:24.360
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:44:25.550 --> 0:44:32.600
Best, Lincoln R
Where they're curved in apically you can get a. You can push the coxyde around to get a.

0:44:33.890 --> 0:44:36.440
Best, Lincoln R
Lateral coxyde to get a better sense of the.

0:44:37.770 --> 0:44:51.640
Best, Lincoln R
Shape of the valsala whether it's complex, whether it's simple, whether it's just a simple triangle like in this case, you can also again tease that tergite around. I'm gonna make sure I'm still on the screen here.

0:44:54.550 --> 0:44:55.410
Best, Lincoln R
To see whether.

0:44:56.510 --> 0:45:1.350
Best, Lincoln R
Those pennis valves are straight, whether they have a process or an angle medially.

0:45:2.410 --> 0:45:3.620
Best, Lincoln R
Again, whether they're.

0:45:4.410 --> 0:45:8.940
Best, Lincoln R
Pointed apically or whether they are curved in or curved out.

0:45:10.940 --> 0:45:15.210
Best, Lincoln R
And so all the structures you want to see are right there and I have not extracted that.

0:45:17.310 --> 0:45:19.780
Best, Lincoln R
Capsule. So I'm gonna zoom out a bit and then.

0:45:20.620 --> 0:45:23.340
Best, Lincoln R
And the way to pop out the the genital capsule.

0:45:25.10 --> 0:45:30.930
Best, Lincoln R
And just if I fade off the screen, just tell me to move it a little lower or higher.

0:45:32.560 --> 0:45:34.200
Best, Lincoln R
OK, So what I do is.

0:45:30.920 --> 0:45:38.580
Maffei, Clare J
You're you're doing pretty good so far. Also. Thank you everyone for staying in tune for this. I it's amazing.

0:45:42.240 --> 0:45:43.540
Maffei, Clare J
We get this question a lot.

0:45:39.310 --> 0:45:46.720
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, this is some high level bumblebee nerdery. So what we do is we take, we take this bird pin and we'll slide it.

0:45:47.430 --> 0:45:49.410
Best, Lincoln R
Under the apical tergite.

0:45:55.0 --> 0:45:58.920
Best, Lincoln R
And then we'll turn it so that the bird grabs the back of the.

0:46:0.10 --> 0:46:1.830
Best, Lincoln R
Capsule and then you can just.

0:46:2.490 --> 0:46:3.240
Best, Lincoln R
Pop it right out.

0:46:4.960 --> 0:46:5.620
Best, Lincoln R
And so.

0:46:6.520 --> 0:46:9.610
Best, Lincoln R
We have laterally gonna oxides.

0:46:11.420 --> 0:46:15.420
Best, Lincoln R
A white they're not always white, but in this case they're they look white.

0:46:16.410 --> 0:46:18.680
Best, Lincoln R
The pennis valves, which are.

0:46:20.140 --> 0:46:22.370
Best, Lincoln R
Curved inwards apically.

0:46:24.330 --> 0:46:35.450
Best, Lincoln R
And so if you're run to run this specimen through the key with those simple Cela, the hooked, inwardly simple pennis valves, you quickly find out that this is a pyro, Bombus.

0:46:36.760 --> 0:46:37.120
Best, Lincoln R
All right.

0:46:42.100 --> 0:46:43.250
Best, Lincoln R
Time does fly.

0:46:42.520 --> 0:46:53.180
Maffei, Clare J
Thank you. Yeah, time does fly, and I'm gonna. I'm gonna bring up two questions that are microscope questions and then clearly, we're gonna need to have you back cuz.

0:46:54.10 --> 0:46:55.400
Maffei, Clare J
Very relevant discussion.

0:46:55.770 --> 0:46:56.230
Best, Lincoln R
Go ahead.

0:46:56.40 --> 0:46:56.750
Maffei, Clare J
Umm.

0:46:57.930 --> 0:47:6.870
Maffei, Clare J
So we were just hoping this is back up to the females if we could with the mandibles, locate the anterior versus posterior side.

0:47:7.890 --> 0:47:14.740
Maffei, Clare J
You know, in guides? And would it be possible to see those mandible notch differences and couplet 5 under the microscope?

0:47:15.330 --> 0:47:19.660
Best, Lincoln R
Ohh yeah, and that's that's maybe one of the more difficult things so.

0:47:20.360 --> 0:47:22.330
Best, Lincoln R
Let me just flip back to the.

0:47:25.580 --> 0:47:26.370
Best, Lincoln R
The key.

0:47:28.690 --> 0:47:29.690
Best, Lincoln R
Couple of five.

0:47:31.700 --> 0:47:38.390
Best, Lincoln R
Right, so here, So what we're looking for is to differentiate Bombus sense of stricto.

0:47:39.760 --> 0:47:48.170
Best, Lincoln R
And alpino, bombus. So these are the two subgenera that have a deep, wide notch and we wanna differentiate these from.

0:47:50.230 --> 0:47:56.760
Best, Lincoln R
Those subgenera that have a either a shallow wide notch or no significant notch.

0:47:57.920 --> 0:48:5.120
Best, Lincoln R
Which are Kumano, Bombus and Pyro, Bombus. Now, this character is often very difficult to see.

0:48:6.500 --> 0:48:8.920
Best, Lincoln R
My primary advice is always that.

0:48:13.800 --> 0:48:19.680
Best, Lincoln R
It may have a deep, wide notch. If you collected it in the high Alpine in the northwest, right?

0:48:21.740 --> 0:48:44.600
Best, Lincoln R
In which case maybe you don't have to find that notch for Bomba. Census stricto. These are species you should be able to recognize. Of course, if you think you have something like a franklinii or a weird color form of occidentalis which there are a bunch of them, yeah, maybe you need to take a closer look. So I do have a small hoard of female.

0:48:46.730 --> 0:48:51.930
Best, Lincoln R
Occidentalis. Here. So let's take a look at one and see if we can spot that deep notch.

0:49:4.320 --> 0:49:5.300
Best, Lincoln R
How's the reproduction?

0:49:12.490 --> 0:49:12.800
Best, Lincoln R
OK.

0:49:9.310 --> 0:49:14.560
Maffei, Clare J
It's pretty dark at the moment, like I'm seeing a basically a black screen.

0:49:14.960 --> 0:49:15.280
Best, Lincoln R
OK.

0:49:16.210 --> 0:49:16.810
Best, Lincoln R
We'll get there.

0:49:17.960 --> 0:49:18.460
Maffei, Clare J
Sure will.

0:49:22.270 --> 0:49:24.580
Best, Lincoln R
So some of these.

0:49:25.350 --> 0:49:29.320
Best, Lincoln R
Characters they ultimately, they take a lot of.

0:49:30.340 --> 0:49:34.430
Best, Lincoln R
Practice and being able to Orient the specimen effectively.

0:49:35.250 --> 0:49:37.500
Best, Lincoln R
So in this case I took the labels off.

0:49:38.990 --> 0:49:41.760
Best, Lincoln R
I stuck the head of the PIN into some clay.

0:49:42.810 --> 0:49:49.170
Best, Lincoln R
And now I have to basically look at this thing upside down and backwards. You're looking at the right side, mandible.

0:49:49.950 --> 0:49:56.700
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah. We really don't see anything besides black. Ohh, there we go. That is that's improving the situation.

0:49:56.890 --> 0:50:0.390
Best, Lincoln R
OK. I'm yeah. No, it'll take a moment to get enough light and.

0:50:1.10 --> 0:50:1.480
Maffei, Clare J
For sure.

0:50:1.960 --> 0:50:6.930
Best, Lincoln R
Not sure if you know this is at 80 X. We'll back out a bit.

0:50:8.490 --> 0:50:9.190
Best, Lincoln R
And so.

0:50:10.970 --> 0:50:12.940
Best, Lincoln R
You know, so.

0:50:14.70 --> 0:50:17.120
Best, Lincoln R
Let's see. This is the. These are tongue parts here.

0:50:17.950 --> 0:50:19.640
Best, Lincoln R
This is the right side mandible.

0:50:20.670 --> 0:50:32.870
Best, Lincoln R
Umm, this is the anterior edge and this is the posterior edge. So this is the edge that faces the underside of the head, which is this mess. The underside of the head. The eye would be above here to help Orient you.

0:50:33.570 --> 0:50:35.940
Best, Lincoln R
And this is your your notch.

0:50:37.90 --> 0:50:39.760
Best, Lincoln R
Umm. Finding these notches is really difficult.

0:50:41.220 --> 0:50:57.490
Best, Lincoln R
Often you're specimen is like this. Umm, where the only you know the the left side mandible here is buried under the right side. Mandible and even the right side mandible of course, is pressed up against the tongue parts which have some concreted pollen nectar goo.

0:50:58.450 --> 0:50:59.940
Best, Lincoln R
Makes it almost impossible to see.

0:51:0.620 --> 0:51:2.170
Best, Lincoln R
So what you wanna do is.

0:51:3.570 --> 0:51:19.410
Best, Lincoln R
Again, you can take your bird pin and you can see if you can pull on the mandible to get to stick out. A little bit. Of course you risk that manhole snapping off and firing across the room, or just breaking and shattering off the edge as you pull on it.

0:51:20.330 --> 0:51:26.410
Best, Lincoln R
Uh. One trick that I often do for mandibles that are sticking out really nicely.

0:51:27.90 --> 0:51:34.170
Best, Lincoln R
Is to actually assess the notch looking from the inside. So here we're looking at the notch from the outside.

0:51:35.740 --> 0:51:38.190
Best, Lincoln R
In the reproduction here is just not ideal.

0:51:39.460 --> 0:51:47.550
Best, Lincoln R
And so I'll find a a mandible here where we can kind of look at it from both sides. I'll find one that's nicely exposed.

0:51:48.640 --> 0:51:52.490
Best, Lincoln R
It's probably not going to be one of these subgenera of interest.

0:51:55.660 --> 0:51:57.0
Best, Lincoln R
Stand by a minute here.

0:52:6.700 --> 0:52:11.220
Best, Lincoln R
Of course, this is not just a problem for bumblebees, but this is often a problem for.

0:52:12.310 --> 0:52:16.90
Best, Lincoln R
Many species in the family Megachile a day.

0:52:17.410 --> 0:52:22.180
Best, Lincoln R
We often are looking at mandibles on osmia or make Kylie.

0:52:24.430 --> 0:52:25.90
Best, Lincoln R
OHS.

0:52:24.760 --> 0:52:29.290
Maffei, Clare J
That's where we usually have this rehydration conversation. So are you also.

0:53:13.660 --> 0:53:21.50
Best, Lincoln R
I don't have a ton of good guidance I have in the past hydrated a lot of mega keloids that needed the mandibles assessed.

0:53:23.70 --> 0:53:24.990
Best, Lincoln R
So here's a pyro, Bombus.

0:53:28.330 --> 0:53:34.180
Best, Lincoln R
Again, we're looking at the mostly right side mandible and you can see that there is a.

0:53:35.130 --> 0:53:37.520
Best, Lincoln R
Shallow wide notch here.

0:53:44.870 --> 0:53:47.420
Best, Lincoln R
Of course, if you have reference material in.

0:53:48.230 --> 0:53:49.30
Best, Lincoln R
Invaluable.

0:53:51.350 --> 0:54:4.190
Best, Lincoln R
You can see the left side mandible underneath, but it's not quite good enough to be able to assess. Let me try and line it up here. It's not quite good enough to try and assess it from the inside like I was saying before.

0:54:5.70 --> 0:54:5.520
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:54:7.90 --> 0:54:12.900
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, just can't quite get the the good angle on that. Let's see if I have another one, quite a few bees sitting here.

0:54:20.250 --> 0:54:24.720
Best, Lincoln R
So one of the advantages of collecting into ethyl acetate is that the bees.

0:54:25.720 --> 0:54:26.650
Best, Lincoln R
Almost always.

0:54:27.560 --> 0:54:31.780
Best, Lincoln R
Per parish, with their tongues fully exposed and their mandibles open.

0:54:32.820 --> 0:54:33.140
Best, Lincoln R
Umm.

0:54:34.790 --> 0:54:44.80
Best, Lincoln R
You can't see on that one. The trade off is that collecting into ethanol, which I've done a lot when I'm netting, I just collect straight into FNOL. The tradeoff is that.

0:54:45.860 --> 0:54:47.530
Best, Lincoln R
The bee usually perishes.

0:54:49.10 --> 0:54:52.700
Best, Lincoln R
But the mandibles closed and with the.

0:54:54.770 --> 0:54:56.440
Best, Lincoln R
Tongue retracted.

0:54:58.150 --> 0:55:7.650
Best, Lincoln R
Now a couple things I wanted to show you before we go because I did bring up that mimicry. Complex is just to provide some examples.

0:55:10.900 --> 0:55:12.330
Best, Lincoln R
Of some.

0:55:13.790 --> 0:55:17.490
Best, Lincoln R
Bees in the West that fall within that mimicry complex.

0:55:18.350 --> 0:55:18.860
Best, Lincoln R
Over here.

0:55:20.200 --> 0:55:22.500
Best, Lincoln R
So if you think you know what this is.

0:55:23.530 --> 0:55:25.30
Best, Lincoln R
Write the name down in the chat.

0:55:29.580 --> 0:55:39.970
Best, Lincoln R
Of course, this one falls within that complex and so one one of the primary strategies is to just quickly assess some of those subgeneric characters. So the aselli.

0:55:40.710 --> 0:55:44.820
Best, Lincoln R
Uh, they look smaller and a little more distant there.

0:55:47.720 --> 0:55:50.10
Best, Lincoln R
Take a look at that Mailer length.

0:55:53.320 --> 0:55:54.390
Best, Lincoln R
Obscured by the.

0:55:55.540 --> 0:55:58.950
Best, Lincoln R
Or like take a look at this one.

0:56:2.890 --> 0:56:5.770
Best, Lincoln R
Get a good look there. That the Malo length is quite short.

0:56:8.700 --> 0:56:14.130
Best, Lincoln R
See if I can left hand the specimen right hand the mouse so it only extends to about here.

0:56:14.870 --> 0:56:16.300
Best, Lincoln R
Very short Mailer length.

0:56:17.540 --> 0:56:18.960
Best, Lincoln R
Relative to its width.

0:56:20.620 --> 0:56:25.10
Best, Lincoln R
What else might we look on this specimen? We can look at that hind leg.

0:56:26.60 --> 0:56:27.410
Best, Lincoln R
Bazy tarsus.

0:56:30.770 --> 0:56:31.240
Best, Lincoln R
As a.

0:56:32.200 --> 0:56:33.950
Best, Lincoln R
Longer, narrower.

0:56:36.540 --> 0:56:39.720
Best, Lincoln R
Proximal posteriorly directed process here.

0:56:40.550 --> 0:56:47.670
Best, Lincoln R
On the mid leg Bazzy Tarsis, you'll recall it could be rounded or pointed. So let's see if we can see that.

0:56:50.890 --> 0:56:52.230
Best, Lincoln R
Tucked up under there.

0:56:53.90 --> 0:56:54.210
Best, Lincoln R
Let's see.

0:56:56.910 --> 0:57:2.350
Best, Lincoln R
Now it's obscured by the tarsy, so it's in there. You can't quite make it out effectively, but it's rounded.

0:57:3.410 --> 0:57:5.160
Best, Lincoln R
Anyone have any guesses for this critter?

0:57:7.720 --> 0:57:9.700
Maffei, Clare J
Dollar empowered to unmute.

0:57:11.450 --> 0:57:12.600
Best, Lincoln R
Type it in the chat.

0:57:15.20 --> 0:57:18.250
Best, Lincoln R
For a lot of people, this will be the first specimen you've seen of this thing.

0:57:21.740 --> 0:57:22.730
Best, Lincoln R
Now's your chance.

0:57:24.540 --> 0:57:28.0
Best, Lincoln R
So that was a a worker bombast, Frank Liney.

0:57:31.190 --> 0:57:32.300
Maffei, Clare J
That's exciting.

0:57:32.990 --> 0:57:34.700
Best, Lincoln R
So let's take a look at.

0:57:35.780 --> 0:57:35.960
Best, Lincoln R
No.

0:57:39.600 --> 0:57:39.900
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah.

0:57:37.240 --> 0:57:44.300
Maffei, Clare J
I am going to let you know it is 2:00 o'clock. I know you are. And Sam have a link to follow.

0:57:45.740 --> 0:57:49.860
Maffei, Clare J
But also if there is some last minute stuff that you know we're we're right here.

0:57:52.390 --> 0:57:53.110
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, well.

0:57:54.390 --> 0:58:2.110
Best, Lincoln R
I could probably do more hours of running bees through keys, but this is I think, a good start. A good little review for strategies.

0:58:3.740 --> 0:58:9.200
Best, Lincoln R
And if there's any questions in the chat, maybe we could answer a few of those and then sign off.

0:58:11.780 --> 0:58:31.590
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, this has been a really great different approach than we've worked through before and I really hope that we can schedule something for some more microscope time next time. I think we've addressed the chat has been we both really been active, talking about rehydrating and I don't have any questions that I.

0:58:32.690 --> 0:58:39.130
Maffei, Clare J
I seem to have missed, but again now is your time or you can unmute and speak to linked directly.

0:58:43.720 --> 0:58:58.50
Droege, Sam
Well, people are waiting on. This is Sam. And I'll just say that link, we really appreciate you taking the time out of your schedule of pulling genitalia to talk to us. And we really also value just.

0:59:2.140 --> 0:59:3.220
Best, Lincoln R
Sam disappeared there.

0:59:4.300 --> 0:59:5.870
Droege, Sam
A number of people on here.

0:59:4.130 --> 0:59:9.670
Maffei, Clare J
We we don't know what we we values, Sam, we we we lost you at values.

0:59:7.740 --> 0:59:9.990
Droege, Sam
And they all go different ways.

0:59:12.290 --> 0:59:12.590
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.

0:59:10.900 --> 0:59:16.650
Droege, Sam
Now you lost me at value. OK, well, I'm just saying, I value what you've said and.

0:59:17.680 --> 0:59:29.100
Droege, Sam
The different approaches are a valuable contribution to how people learn about identifications because they're there's not one path forward, so this is great.

0:59:31.60 --> 0:59:41.230
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah, Bubblebee identification is difficult and it is really a matter of using all of the resources at hand and reference collections where they might be available.

0:59:43.900 --> 0:59:44.850
Best, Lincoln R
So I guess things are going.

0:59:44.140 --> 0:59:45.860
Droege, Sam
Yeah, reference collection is a good one.

0:59:46.300 --> 0:59:51.630
Best, Lincoln R
Yeah. Thanks for having me. And well, I guess maybe we'll do this again in several weeks.

0:59:52.590 --> 0:59:54.90
Droege, Sam
Yeah. Thanks link.

0:59:52.660 --> 0:59:56.710
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah, this was. This was fantastic. There's lots of thank yous coming through.

0:59:57.820 --> 0:59:59.130
Best, Lincoln R
Alright, have a great day everyone.

1:0:0.10 --> 1:0:1.120
Droege, Sam
We'll see you in a minute.

1:0:1.970 --> 1:0:2.260
Best, Lincoln R
OK.

1:0:2.460 --> 1:0:2.960
Droege, Sam
What?

0:59:59.720 --> 1:0:8.940
Maffei, Clare J
You too and Sam, can you? Yeah. I also don't seem to have that link on stored on my calendar and easy way. So can one of you please send it to me?

1:0:13.310 --> 1:0:13.730
Maffei, Clare J
Yeah.

1:0:16.800 --> 1:0:17.320
Maffei, Clare J
Thanks.

1:0:8.90 --> 1:0:20.40
Droege, Sam
It doesn't. Yeah, they the links don't show up for the RCN on your calendar. So I've got an e-mail with it and and I'll pass it on and a link. Do you have your you do you have your link to the meeting?

1:0:20.480 --> 1:0:22.120
Best, Lincoln R
I don't know. I'll have to dig around for it.

1:0:22.500 --> 1:0:23.940
Droege, Sam
Alright, I'll send it to both you guys.

1:0:24.50 --> 1:0:24.400
Best, Lincoln R
Thank you.

1:0:24.290 --> 1:0:26.370
Maffei, Clare J
Easy peasy lemon squeezy. Thanks friends.

1:0:24.660 --> 1:0:26.820
Droege, Sam
I I I my.

1:0:27.300 --> 1:0:27.550
Best, Lincoln R
Right.