108_Lasioglossum species_2022 Canadian Dialictus Key_couplets 1-5_Joel Gardner_Jan 17 2024

January 17, 2024, 6:03PM

1h 2m 54s

Maffei, Clare J   0:08
We've we've jumped around when Joel and Jason first started with us under this tricky, tricky groups, and then we went back and did the other subgenera.
So now the plan was to go step by step as we just did with the umm, with the last key return and kind of how did we get to those big tricky groups?
So I think everybody I sent out, UM, the kind of abbreviated version that Joel or Jason once sent me of the Canadian dialect disk Key.
Umm, but I thoroughly encourage you to find the full document on the Internet because it's too big for me to send you and it has a lot of helpful pictures.
So with that, I think Sam's on microscope.
Today Joel's here to be a talking person.
And you guys have any other announcements ready to go?

Droege, Sam   1:07
I'll just mention to Joel that if you know some specimens a little bit beforehand that we're gonna wanna look at, let me know because I I've got them all behind me.
Not so much the Western ones though, and I'll pull them and really only the females at this point.

Gardner, Joel David   1:28
OK.
Yeah, I didn't really know what we were gonna look at today. Aside from.
Yeah.
Claire just said that we were going to start working through the keys so.

Maffei, Clare J   1:40
Yeah.
So depending on how you guys wanna go, we can either get through those first through couplets, right?
That just kind of break out normal things and we could either go into it looks like the I think I think one of the big jumps will take us down to UM brunori and things like that or one of the first big jumps from the beginning of the key will take us into the things that are enlarged tegula.

Droege, Sam   2:10
OK.

Maffei, Clare J   2:10
So choose your own adventure.
Whichever one is easier to grab the specimens for Sam.

Droege, Sam   2:17
We have to walk around.
You're gonna.
Yes.
No, I I've been so careful.
Alright, so are we ready for Joel?
You'll be in the driver's seat and I will be your servant.

Maffei, Clare J   2:32
I'm happy to screen share too if you need that support.

Gardner, Joel David   2:36
OK, I I so I guess I should do stuff.
Start going through habit. They come.
Complete is that Canada, but the plan was.
Yeah.

Droege, Sam   2:51
And before you get too far in, Joel, I'll let's assume that people have a a basic understanding of Btech you know morphology.
So for example, we don't need to have pictures of 10 versus 11 segments on the antennae and or 12 I should say, and umm.

Gardner, Joel David   3:03
Yeah.

Droege, Sam   3:13
And and things like that.
And also sometimes when you're using masoma metasoma, you might also say thorax or abdomen in addition just so that people get familiar with the lingo in art left completely behind.
But those are my only suggestions.

Gardner, Joel David   3:35
Hey.
Uh, so a couple at one.
We're we're using the.
Do you know 1022 update to the teacher dialect just of Canada?

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Gardner, Joel David   3:52
Because in an online supplement and it's Open Access.
Umm, so a couple at one splits off all of this socially parasitic species.
So we did go over these in a previous class, but perhaps there are new people in the audience who did not see that.
So that it's actually parasitic species are distinctive in several different care factors.
They don't have scoba, which is.

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Gardner, Joel David   4:34
Pretty obvious if you know what you're looking at.
Uh, but if you've, if you're not familiar, if you've never seen one before, it can be a little bit hard to judge because the scope of I am late to awesome are.
It's not like the pollen baskets on honey bees and bumblebees.
It's not super obvious they'll they'll have a lot of long, really plumose seedy on their hind legs.
Uh, but it's kind of spar.
And if you just have a bunch of non parasitic bees, it it can be a little bit hard to judge sometimes like is that scope or not.
But if you see the parasitic ones and you look at the hind legs, especially the femur.
It'll just be a couple of like, we kind of medium length straight CD that don't have any branches on them, just some straight simple CD.

Maffei, Clare J   5:42
To Sam, do you have?

Gardner, Joel David   5:43
I think you have.

Maffei, Clare J   5:44
I think we have rezania in there.

Gardner, Joel David   5:46
You know.

Maffei, Clare J   5:46
Do you wanna pull up one just to show the difference?

Droege, Sam   5:49
I do.
I'm actually gonna have a simplex here since it's the one of the more subtle.
Hmm.
Species.
And I'm gonna show that one, if that's OK.
But we also have Rosanne we.
That's a very common 1.
Umm.
And we also have.
What's the Super common one?

Gardner, Joel David   6:14
Find a power, yes.

Droege, Sam   6:15
Yes, we have plantarius was platycerium now Plato perius.
So I'm gonna share my screen and.
We will go to.
The software for microscope.

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Droege, Sam   6:35
Oops.
And somewhere will be B.
In the screen.
Here is the head of the pen.

Maffei, Clare J   6:53
What's up?

Droege, Sam   6:54
Yeah, this is simplex and we'll take a look at the.
So I think Joel mentioned this, but you know there's reduced hair scopal hairs, but there aren't like no hairs and so simplex is a great one because it's the one, at least in the east that I would say most people are going to skip over because it doesn't have a big cheek.
It has, umm, uh, a number of other characters that look pretty much like the.
And.
Other.
Umm pollen carrying ones.
Sorry, I'm doing two things at once.
Now let's go in here to the legs.
So.
Yeah, there is the legs on this one.
Why does that look like it's a pollen carrying species?
Let me just check, but I have simplex under here.
Yeah.
No, it is.
So that's the thing.
It's like I was looking at what probably is dirt on the legs and like ohh there's some pollen, but it's not.
And we'll take a look at the phase two.
There's some of the characters there, but the the thing that I look for the most in Joel, I don't know what you do, but is I often look on the femur because the femur usually has some really long, obvious hairs in it, and that's lacking here.

Gardner, Joel David   8:50
Yeah.
Definitely the theme or is the place to look the the tibia on parasitic and non parasitic species looks almost the same.

Droege, Sam   8:55
But.
Yeah.
And that threw me because you see those white things.
And we're like, Oh my God, is that pollen.
But even the femur is I'm still has long hairs, so again, there's a little bit of subtlety here.
And that's why simplex is the one that often gets overlooked and you don't see it that often in records.
But we see it commonly and it's maybe the third most common species in parasitical land.
Let's see if I can remember how to do how to do this control shift, alt shift F to get it.
There we go, bigger.
So you can see here.
So these are the reduced hairs and the tibia hairs here.
And Joel mentioned and I was immediately confused by, I guess that's not even pollen here it's.

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Droege, Sam   10:02
Reflections that look like pollen, but it it scared me.
And we won't see on most specimens that are collected and processed.
The usual way we're not going to see the laboral process because the mandibles kind of her that process.
That we can see here the simplified.
Umm.
Sorry again, I'm trying to do 2 things a simplified.
Mandibles without a tooth.
We almost never look at that right.
So it's it's a secondary like let's check out the mandibles to make sure they're simple.
So they're simple blades.
Umm many of the other groups of parasitic species have monster heads, long cheeks and really long mandible tips.
I guess to fight or something.
Umm and simplex.
Very subtle, but you can see can't really see the labor under there, but you can see they're relatively simple blade.
It comes to a point.
Anything else you wanna say about simplex and parasitic species?

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Gardner, Joel David   11:36
You pretty much covered a lot of it.
It's it.
Is it is a bit of an oddball cause most of them are really obvious because they'll have next giant heads and giant mandibles.
But yeah, simplex doesn't, but it does.
It does still have a little bit of a distinctive head.
You know the head on simplex is a very, very short with the clypeus like not really protruding below the eyes much at all.
And it's it's like kind of a it's kind of short and it's kind of like like like like sloped in at the bottom.

Droege, Sam   12:12
Yeah, it's very roundy looking, I've.
So this is upside down, but you can see the odd shape.

Gardner, Joel David   12:29
Like the client, yeah.

Droege, Sam   12:33
You can see the mandible tip curving out there too, and I'm trying to get a a look over here at the pronotal collar on am I to assume correctly that the pronotal caller has a a a strong angle to it?

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Droege, Sam   12:51
If we can see it or not in simplex.

Gardner, Joel David   12:52
Yeah, yeah, yeah.

Droege, Sam   12:57
Umm.

Gardner, Joel David   12:57
Yeah, there is a.
There is a parasitic species that does not have that strong Corrina and I forget which one it was now, but most of them do have that.

Droege, Sam   13:11
And ohh there we can see it sort of, but a few of the non parasitic species have it too.
Thinking of heterogeneous them, and there's probably others, Eric Neatham looks almost.

Gardner, Joel David   13:23
There are.
There are a few.

Droege, Sam   13:26
Entereg Anthem looks like it's almost wants to be a parasitic species, but never quite figured it out.
So here is a really sharp Ridge running down onto the Penedo collar.
In most species, non parasitic species is very rounded.
Worse collar like from above, you can see a sharp angle here.
We're not quite at the ohm projection where you can see that that's pretty much a right angle, but here you can see the Ridge that's formed that would not be there in most PCs.
Again, little things will focus on the lower one now, where the closer one and you can see more the the right angle here being formed and then there's a Ridge running off from there.
See if we can see that more closely with little hard to see the Ridge.

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Droege, Sam   14:23
This is often the case.
The heads in the way.
So you have to peek around the corner.
You're right.
I'm not sure.
Joel, do you think we need to look at other parasitic species at this moment, moment or?
This is good.

Gardner, Joel David   14:45
Probably not, unless we have audience demand for it.
I I'm just thinking that we did.

Droege, Sam   14:52
OK.

Maffei, Clare J   14:54
Nothing in the chat yet, this is your time.
Speak up.

Gardner, Joel David   14:57
We did cover them in a in a previous class in a little bit more detail.

Droege, Sam   15:03
As Joel mentioned, most of these parasitic species you when you look at it, it's like, Oh my God, what is that?

Gardner, Joel David   15:03
Yeah, you're hearing.

Droege, Sam   15:10
That is so freaky looking simplexes in the east.
One of those that doesn't.
Umm, let me make it would look like a versaterm slash Abraham slash trade, Eminem kind of thing.

Gardner, Joel David   15:29
Yeah, see you.
You can't get complacent with uh skipping over that first couple and they give you and the he was a normal looking head.
Is that is a.
That is an easy habit to get in.
She was like ohh this is not trying to head here unless not be a parasite.
Skipped that couplet.

Droege, Sam   15:51
Yeah, I remember when I was starting out.
You know all this was very confusing and what I would end up doing cause of course I had a slugs of lazy blossom is I would just go through them over and over again and separate them into groups.

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Droege, Sam   16:08
Then I would subdivide those groups until I felt like I had no more groups to subdivide, and that was really useful in some ways, just because I was looking at lots of material rather than picking up one and trying to struggle through when I don't have a good understanding of the scope of characters and visuals on these things.
So we've talked about this before, but my suggestion for people particularly are starting out five minutes.

Gardner, Joel David   16:33
Yeah.

Droege, Sam   16:40
Just spend a little bit of time poking at the keys and then put them down and just do a lot of looking at specimens morphologically and if you have a reference collection, try keeping that reference collection out so that you learn the morphology and the thinking of the people who make the guides.

Gardner, Joel David   17:04
Yeah.
So I don't think we need to see any more parasites, but should we, should we look at a non parasitic bee and show what the on collecting Sobotka femur look like?

Droege, Sam   17:15
Yeah, that's a good idea.
Yeah.
So I guess I would assume that we really don't need to.
You know, we'll do a dialect, this group thing.
And so we will now we don't, we're just looking for a good specimen here is that from and we don't doesn't matter which species we're seeing, right?
I'm gonna share.

Gardner, Joel David   17:40
Thank you.
Question in the chat about parasitic species and Oregon.
Uh, there are no parasitic species recorded from Oregon or.

Droege, Sam   17:53
Why that's crazy.

Gardner, Joel David   17:57
And there's there's generally none recorded from the western US and general that's to parasitic species are generally east of the Rocky Mountains.
Although there is one anomalous record of plateosaurus that we have from Washington, and it's like the only one that that is that I know of from West of the Rockies.

Droege, Sam   18:07
Wow.

Gardner, Joel David   18:22
So.
So I'm not certain that it's actually permanently established here, but generally Western US, you don't need to worry so much about parasitic species.

Maffei, Clare J   18:36
Do we think that that's just we haven't looked hard enough or is there a biological reason that might explain that gap?

Droege, Sam   18:36
So why do you?

Gardner, Joel David   18:45
Uh, that's yeah.
I'm not sure.
I'm not sure why there aren't parasitic species in the West.

Droege, Sam   18:56
When you go down to Central America, do you get parasitic species?
I seem to recall stuff from Barra Colorado Island that indicated that they were getting parasitic species there.

Gardner, Joel David   19:08
There are a lot of parasitic collectives down there, but.

Droege, Sam   19:11
Uh-huh.

Gardner, Joel David   19:14
Not so many.
Not any dialect test that I'm aware of.

Droege, Sam   19:22
So would you say that that's some kind of indicator that dilectus were in largely an eastern group that leaked to the West?

Gardner, Joel David   19:33
Add the parasitic lineages for sure.
Uh Galactus in general?
Uh, less certain where their origin was.

Droege, Sam   19:47
Umm.

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Droege, Sam   19:50
His diet diet do the does the dialect is group occur in Europe?

Gardner, Joel David   19:56
Ah yes it does.
And actually, now that you mention it.
The phylogeny that I didn't make PhD, they're all of the Palearctic species come out at the base of the tree.
So all of the base of languages and dialects are like all the peeling object, all the African and Asian stuff.

Droege, Sam   20:15
Umm.

Gardner, Joel David   20:19
So they seem to have a eastern hemisphere or agin.

Droege, Sam   20:24
And do they have a lot of parasitic species on those two continents?

Gardner, Joel David   20:32
Not that we know of.
No, the parasitic ones might have originated in the eastern US there's there's 22 uh.

Droege, Sam   20:34
Umm.

Gardner, Joel David   20:41
Jason did a paper on the parasitic file.
The pairs the file.
Isn't he looking at the origins of parasitism?
And he figured out there was two origins, and all the ones with that we know about are from the eastern US.

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Droege, Sam   20:57
Who?
OK, up on screen is a lazy gloss on zephram and you can see so this is the middle leg, but this is the best shot I have of the hind leg I can.
I'll tilt it.
This is the tibia, and this is the femur.
And like we saw in simplex, the tibia is has hair, but it's a little denser, which may or may not be indicative for all of the non parasitic species, but it's not particularly long or anything.
It's when you get to the femur that you start seeing.
I'm just scrolling through the focus here.
These long, curled, scopal hairs.
Anything else you wanna talk about there?

Gardner, Joel David   21:46
Yes.

Droege, Sam   21:48
I'll try and shift it so we can see it, perhaps from the backside.

Gardner, Joel David   21:53
Uh.
Yeah.
And and in addition to being longer and more like curl under the this the scope true scope of CD are going to be more flu.
Most.
So they're gonna leave long branches on them.

Droege, Sam   22:05
Ah, right.
And that would help them catch the pollen.

Gardner, Joel David   22:19
Yeah.

Droege, Sam   22:21
All right, not a lot more.

Gardner, Joel David   22:22
Except for this photo gaastra Mr.

Droege, Sam   22:25
Oh, right, yeah.
OK, I'll go to the head.
You might wanna explain why Sokoto Gaastra have a different scope of pattern.

Gardner, Joel David   22:37
Yeah.
So they're they're not dialect disks.
They're secota gaster in the strict sense, so it's a group of of lemon basil blossom that specialize on primroses.
On that, on accuracy and those flowers have kind of weird sticky pollen.
And the bees that specialize it specialize on it.
Have long straight.
Rate like CD without any branches on them and in order to collect this odd pollen.
So it's a different form of scope and it looks a lot different from other lazy blossom.

Droege, Sam   23:25
So here is pardon clear.

Maffei, Clare J   23:27
Go back and less classes.
We've worked through those in previous classes, so go to the recordings.

Gardner, Joel David   23:34
Yeah.

Droege, Sam   23:34
Yeah.

Gardner, Joel David   23:34
Yeah.
You're not gonna see that in die like just that is a different sub genus.

Droege, Sam   23:40
But you might be looking at a B and see that thinking initially dialect is, but the scopal hairs will be like no, wait a minute.
They're far too simple and fine.
Maybe I've got actually a soda gastric here.
So all these things, you know, there's a little blending sometimes and the identification scheme, which is different from the, you know, pure taxonomy taxonomic scheme among these groups.
So you always have to be aware that gotta be on your game and a lot of it comes back to memorization, too.
All right, so here we are.
We're looking at the, you know, tooth level or the mandible level at this zephram.
And you can see overall a thicker mandible generally shorter, although simplex is pretty short, although it would go to here some of the others are going almost to the opposite end of either the clypeal edge.
Here are almost to the mandible base in terms of their length and their very similar like and usually thinner.

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Droege, Sam   24:53
Not always.
And then, umm, some of the parasitic species have a tooth, but I think all but a lot of times it's small and there's these long modifications of the mandible that are counter.

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Droege, Sam   25:13
Are in opposition to the identification of a pollen hearing species.
Here you can see a little tooth here, but you have a more robust and shorter mandible.
You can't really see most of the time what's going on here with the labrum and the and the, you know, the edge was hidden by the mandibles, but that is a good character, but rarely are these mandibles open anything else you want to add there, Joel.

Gardner, Joel David   25:39
Yeah.
Uh, Nope, not that about covers it.

Droege, Sam   25:51
Do we want to see anything else?
Should we look at the pronotal collar?

Gardner, Joel David   25:56
I.
I don't think we need to do that unless there's demand for it.

Droege, Sam   26:02
OK.

Gardner, Joel David   26:03
I think we we can move on to the next couple it and I can also answer.

Droege, Sam   26:08
Got it.

Maffei, Clare J   26:09
To I'm gonna bring up while you get another next couple of. So.
Eric asked Primrose blooms later in the afternoon or some of these bees only out and about at later or earlier times of the day, and I just want to note, like on the first page of the key that we sent out, there is a key to the subgenera and Joel and Jason, do note that the scope are reduced.
The simple Hamming CT arranged linearly a celly slightly to greatly enlarged.
So Joel, you, I say anything more about that, I feel like you kind of addressed it there.

Gardner, Joel David   26:39
Yeah, they.
They for sure are active at Patch later in earlier times, so they've done and dust.
This is when a lot of these onagraceae specialists will be out and a lot of them have bigger Sally so that they can see better in the dark.
Some bigger than others.
There's.
So you can kind of tell wanna be will be active by the size of.
Its a silly.

Droege, Sam   27:20
OK.

Maffei, Clare J   27:20
So off to complete 2.

Gardner, Joel David   27:26
Yes indeed, complete 2.
So OK, that's color of the metasoma.
So this couplet just sorts out the red tailed species.
Uh, which I did a.
Revision on the Western red tailed species, which also includes a lot of eastern ones.
So it's basically just like the Far East coast that's not included in that paper.
Umm, so this one is pretty self explanatory.
You just look at the that his alma and is it red or is it brown or black or metallic green?
Uh, there can be.
Uh.
Some specimens will be a little bit intermediate.
They'll be kind of like a they are reddish brown.
And generally speaking.
You you wanna look at the matters Alma or the abdomen and?
If it has any bright red or orange on it, then you follow it to couplet 99.
So you're looking for any spot of like really, really bright, bold red or orange, even if there's some black, there'll be some bright red or orange.
If it's, if it's like uniformly kind of like a reddish brown and you're not really sure if it's red or not, umm, then take that to three.
So if there's no bright like really bright, obvious red, then it should go to complete 3IN general.

Droege, Sam   29:20
And this is all after making sure that you have a dialect, tus or lazy blossom species, and not a codes.

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Droege, Sam   29:32
Which are mostly have read, but the wing venation is separating them out, but surprisingly there's not tons of other features.

Gardner, Joel David   29:32
Yes, yes.

Droege, Sam   29:44
That separate the two.
I mean, yes, there are parasitic but and they have their own quirky little morphologies, but sometimes you're like oh, oh, that's actually a shortcodes.
Then I'm looking at.

Gardner, Joel David   29:57
Especially in the males.
Umm.
So codys mails get mixed up in lazy awesome a lot as the wing venation doesn't work on the mails.
So you kind of have to look at.
You gonna just have to know what is the code's looks like and look at the head shape and this and the sculpture that codes tend to me more coarsely sculptured.

Droege, Sam   30:17
Mm-hmm.

Gardner, Joel David   30:21
And yeah, it's kind of like ohh, that looks like it's Cody's mail.

Droege, Sam   30:27
And I so yes, and when talking about the wing venation specifically, it's that weakened versus not weakened Venetian often is almost impossible.
So a lot of times if you have a good specimen, you usually can see a faint.
Reflection of what?
The female has in terms of weakening, but a lot of the lazy glosson species are really tricky.
You end up really looking at them and going ohh I I know that's all a lazy gloss on mail versus trying to.
You'll be frustrated with the key sometimes early on in determining whether that mail is or isn't, because even in the females, when you're starting out, you start playing mind games with whether you have weakened vape cross veins or not weakened cross veins.
But it's again, it's time under the scope that will help with a lot of this.
I have a I'm a.
Whenever you're ready, Joel.
I have a tegular on deck as you go through, just FYI.

Gardner, Joel David   31:40
Alright.
Yep, that is the next couplet, couplet 3.
So this.
This is after there are what there are.
If you get once you get into this into this southwestern US, there are red tailed species that also have this big Paula.
They're not going to key out in this key, but.
In Canada and the eastern US, there are, there aren't any that really have that combination.
So these are all going to be dark tailed species.
So take your blood does not reach the posterior margin of the miso skukum and dorsal view, and it's ovoid.
That is most dialect just are gonna have around Taylor and it's not going to be especially enlarged.
And then the alternative state, which is this tabulare and related species, they have a really big tablet.
So it's gonna be kind of bean shaped or comma shaped and it'll be bigger if you look at the B in from the top view you can see like Sam has it here.
If you look at that, that posterior.
Uh.
See theme between the the serum and the scutellum and the tegula and it kind of like draw an invisible line and like out from the edges.
Like extend that line out the tabular reaches that line and it it doesn't in most other like actually all other species that don't have these big calculator.
And then it's also going to be it's going to be punk Tage, at least in all the eastern species.
There'll be all these these pretty dense punctures on the that you want.

Droege, Sam   33:43
And there's also a whole bunch of species that are a nightmare to tell apart, and you might even want to, as we do now, classify a lot of these things as tegular group.

Gardner, Joel David   33:58
Yes, there is a key.
So the the other chapter of my thesis was a revision of this whole group has all the eastern and the western species in that heat I call, it's called the germanium group.
So if you look up to the the germanium group on the the heat of those.
And yes, they they can be very difficult to tell apart.
It's easier in the east than it is in the West around his many species in the east, but there are certain pairs that can still be difficult.
Payara and populate them is difficult.
Umm, when you're just weird.

Droege, Sam   34:38
Well elyssia a I would put in that category of tricky to me.

Gardner, Joel David   34:44
Elise.

Droege, Sam   34:46
Yeah.

Gardner, Joel David   34:46
Yeah.
Yeah.
And a lot of the LC.
Are.
Not so difficult once you've seen like a long series of them, but then there's a couple of there are a couple of specimens that.
Have unusual variation.

Droege, Sam   35:10
I would say that in our area we I either I'm completely missing them or we just don't have that.
Umm, that species around and I I don't know.
It's just one of my frustrating things that I can't seem to find any good string of Ellis, Alicia, or Lucier forget the pronunciation, and then to the South.
Put your lanum blends in with Tegular cause the color variation and tegular apparent color variation and tegular and put your land them and then all the way down into the tip of Florida.
There's.
Is it Levi Ancis or Levi or Levy?

Gardner, Joel David   35:55
Lepidi lives in southern Florida.

Droege, Sam   35:57
Yeah.
And that one also is like really tricky to tell apart too from the others, in my opinion.
So I'm not a fan of more species in this group, Joel.
I just have to say.

Gardner, Joel David   36:15
Uh, yeah. Well.
There, there are more species, at least in the West.
There's a through the complex that it could not resolve in my PhD in the West.

Droege, Sam   36:23
Yeah.
Umm, so I don't know that we need to look at a non modified tegula because I think that's the thing that most people see.
So I think we if unless you think we do, we'll probably skip that and go on.

Gardner, Joel David   36:47
Yep, I will highlight this if in this couplet.
So there's an if here.
So if the posterior margin is concave, then the Telus in punctate.
So there's a couple of species in Canada that have a somewhat enlarged tegular.
It'll be it'll have a little bit of that hook that's in these tabulare like species, but it's not punk page.
And so perfect Tatum is one of those species.

Droege, Sam   37:14
Umm.

Gardner, Joel David   37:18
Sheffield and U county.
Umm, all of these predefined style group species will have a sort of enlarged tabular.
It's not.
It's not really obvious.
You have to be kind of looking closely to see it, but it is there.

Droege, Sam   37:39
OK.

Gardner, Joel David   37:39
And in the West there there are more species on.
There are actually germanium group species, so that really actually related to tell you sorry.
That have like a a bigger tequila, but it's also in pump change.
But yeah, if you're in the West, you should be using the gem item group Key.

Maffei, Clare J   38:02
In the east, are we bother?
Are we good with this one or what?

Gardner, Joel David   38:05
In the east in you can use the genital group key for any any species that has a big tegula.
Umm.
If you're in the East, you can also use this key as they were no new species in the east that I described in that in the germanium group revision.

Droege, Sam   38:27
OK.
Should we go to four?

Gardner, Joel David   38:30
Uh, yeah, we can go to four.
So this is looking at the the punctuation on the scutum.
So there is.
There's a set of species.
That that have.
Like sparse punctures throughout the whole scutum.
Uh.
Most dielectrics will have kind of like kind of sparse punctures in the middle and then they'll get denser towards the edges.

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Gardner, Joel David   39:12
But there's certain species that there, there's all sparse, and those ones will go to complete 89.

Droege, Sam   39:23
I'm going to pull an obscure them and try and show that.
I think it's another one that people try to.
Umm, you know, it's can be difficult.

Gardner, Joel David   39:38
Yeah.
So that the student punctures are good morpho short on character too.
If you're trying to sign the Morpho sort, so it's kind of like 3 states to the student punctures, there's the the normal state is like kind of sparse in the middle and dense towards the edges.
That's the the usual state, but then there's all sparse.

Droege, Sam   39:58
Yeah, there were people.

Gardner, Joel David   39:59
That's what we're looking at now.
And then there's a third state that's all dense and there will be another couplet coming up soon that pulls out all those all dense puncture species.

Droege, Sam   40:04
Sorry, I'll be wrong.

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Gardner, Joel David   40:10
So that's kind of a good way to do sort of broad sorting.

Droege, Sam   40:16
Yep.
And a lot of times you'll see like it's difficult sometimes to really finally divide a scheudle puncture patterns.
And into a key because there's so much variation, but a lot of times when you're morpho sorting, you can see that, OK, we'll clearly these patterns are different, even if it's not something that is going to be important in the keying process.
It's again, Morpheus sorting is your friend and looking at the skew Dum.
Looking at the Proportial triangle, looking at the T1 fan color, looking at the sides of the the thorax.
There the pleura is good.
So, Joel, you wanna talk through here what we're looking at in terms of the scutum pitting?
There's a pear upside line right there.

Gardner, Joel David   41:15
Yeah.
So they they key area to look at here is that area of bladder out of the parasitol line and the crap still online.
So between that that vertical line, that's kind of, uh umm highlighted the light is shining right on it there.
Just me.
Nice.
Between that line and and the edge of the studium.
So between that line and the tequila?
That is the area that you want to look at.
Just see if the punctures are dense or sparse.
And these are definitely sparse punctures like you.
Look at those inner spaces and some of those punctures are.
There's a couple of them that are about 1 puncture.
Diameter.
Diameter of art, but most of them are much more than that.

Droege, Sam   42:05
And sometimes you can get a pattern where.

Gardner, Joel David   42:05
So yeah.

Droege, Sam   42:09
So this the this the skew them as a whole is quite sparsely and this species pitted, but sometimes you can get sparsely pitted in the.
Center between the pair apsidal lines and other times, and then much more densely pitted between the peripheral line and the edge.
So it's not always going to be the case that they mirror each other like this one.
And we now that we have a nice tegula almost in view, although this one is so see through it's a little bit difficult to see, but you you can't really see the the kicked out part at the bottom there.
Anything else we wanna see here or I don't know that we need to.
I can pull a densely pitted one.
What do you think, Joel?

Gardner, Joel David   43:08
Uh, yeah.
We're gonna need to see a densely padded one anyway for.
Calculate coming up soon, not the next one, but let's see which conflict is that.

Maffei, Clare J   43:26
I remember in one of our first classes and this has been one of the most useful things I've taken away.

Gardner, Joel David   43:30
Now it's 13.

Maffei, Clare J   43:32
After reading, after working with these for a while and not knowing this, that distinction that you made and what you just said there of like sparse all over dense all over or dense and sparse.
But you had told us that what you mean by sparse is just like sometimes an inconsistency.
And like if the if the amount of if the if the distance between the pinning changes throughout that center area that that meets the definition of sparse rather than what I saw there in the example that we had up of.
That was my definition of sparse, but for the for the for the more common group that was really helpful to me.

Gardner, Joel David   44:13
Right.
So that is a that is a use useful thing to keep in mind when we get to a couple of 13.
When you pull out the ones that are all dense.
So in that in that case you wanna look at the middle of the sudom and and look at.
Is that the same as that area next to the?
Perhaps it'll lines?
Or is it sparse or in the middle?

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Droege, Sam   44:38
Hi, John.
You wanna walk us through here?
I've got a oceanic come in on deck.

Gardner, Joel David   44:45
Yes.
So here is a this is the usual state of the scutum.
So you can see the that the perhaps on the line Sam is kind of like moving his cursor along it and.
So it's kind of ladder out of that between that line and they tell you you can see the punctures are really dense in that area.
They're pretty much all less than one diameter apart.
And then also on the other side of it, so towards the middle of this quenum, but that kind of like next to that line, they're all so dense there.
And then as you get closer to the middle, they get sparser.
So yeah, and the middle, like there's most of them are like one diameter.

Droege, Sam   45:30
Yeah.

Gardner, Joel David   45:33
There's a couple that are two apart.
So that's what you're usually going to see.

Droege, Sam   45:45
All right.
Go ahead there.
And so we're on to 5 now.

Gardner, Joel David   46:01
So now we get to the whether or not there is a fan on T1.
So and they got some sense you stricto this is called the Acheron aerial fan, because there's there's mites that actually ride on it.
Umm, so a lot of the lazy bottoms since you stricto have they have mites associated with them that are kind of like.
Beneficial.
So they're like, eat fungi in the nest and keep the pollen provisions clean.
So the bees have kind of like this symbiotic relationship with these mites that ride in this fan on T1.
And no other lazy boss.
I'm have this fan structure on T1 except dialect. Just.
Uh, so dialectics will have a similar looking fan, but interestingly, there's very rarely lights on it.
So it's pretty rare that you actually find a dialect.
Test that has mites in this area, so we're not actually sure if it's an if it's a true for you, a caring aerial fan, but it looks similar, so it'll be this kind of like so in most fees.
If you look at T1 and you look at the base, kind of like where it's meets where it like kind of faces the proposed Yum, it'll just be like a bunch of straight seedy sticking up in no particular pattern.
And when there's a fan, those CD that are sticking straight up local, you kind of pressed down and and like splayed out.
Uh, in in more of a fan shape.
And they'll and they'll be denser usually too.

Droege, Sam   48:02
So we have verse hands on deck here.

Gardner, Joel David   48:06
Yeah.
So this is the one.
This is one that does not have the fan, so this is the normal state for most bees.
Uh, motion dialect.
This do you have a fan?
There's only a few that don't.
I should say most Western Hemisphere dialect, this most Eastern Hemisphere dialect just do not have this fan.
So this is kind of a synapomorphy for the the Western Hemisphere species.
And he just says these few kind of primitive lineages that don't have this fan.
So you can see this is kind of a bunch of irregular like straight seedy sticking up in no particular pattern.

Droege, Sam   48:54
Don't show it from the side, which is often a good way to look at hers.
Whether it's on lazy blossom or melissodes.
Often you get a better picture and portrait of hair patterns if you don't look.
Straight down, would you look to the side?
And see things more in silhouette.
Oops.
Scores.
There we go.

Gardner, Joel David   49:43
Yeah.
So that you can see that these CD on T1 are they're they're going to be sticking straight up, they're not going to be better down.
There's certainly not going to be lying flat on the entitlement.

Droege, Sam   50:05
So I can't remember if I copied you.

Gardner, Joel David   50:05
And the ones the ones with?

Droege, Sam   50:09
Uh, but I had sent a note to Jason.
I'd seen a whole series of specimens from Michigan South of Detroit that had essentially no aquarial fan and no raised CD here.
But see this line here, which often shows up but is rarely important.
It had this line of raised hairs, but there were no there, maybe 15 specimens of this.
It was very consistent and no action aerial fan, so I thought that was weird.

Gardner, Joel David   50:42
Yeah, I did.
I did hear about those testaments that I'm and I'm not sure what can make of them without seeing them.

Droege, Sam   50:50
Yeah.

Gardner, Joel David   50:53
Yeah, my.

Droege, Sam   50:53
Uh, do you want to see a a fan?
Especially with a fan.
This have it in contrast.

Gardner, Joel David   51:04
Yeah.
So if you're morpho sorting, umm, this is another good way to do it.
So there's this.
There's like the three states of the of the student punctures, and then there's also kind of three states of this T1 fan.
There is no fan like we just saw and then among us, the species that have a fan on T1.
You can also sort those by whether or not that fan is complete, or whether it has a gap in the middle.
So we we say it's incomplete if there's a gap in the middle of it.

Droege, Sam   51:51
Hmm.
Keeps I think Jason mentioned, maybe it was you that a lot of the times the more normal state out West is a complete fan.

Gardner, Joel David   52:08
That's right.
So most of the species, not all of them, but most of them that have the income complete fan are the ones in the view Dotum group, which are the worst to try to identify the species.
And the very bottom group does exist in the West, but it's less common, so a lot more of the species you find are gonna have the complete fan there.

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Gardner, Joel David   52:41
Do you think you know real fan?
Here is we're off with age.
Yes they can.
Umm so you can find specimens with Warren.
Umm, where the fan is kind of like worn off and it can be tricky to tell in those cases whether or not there is a fan or whether or not there's supposed to be a fan, but usually almost always on there's going to be at least a few CD left and you can tell if there's even a few CD left.
You can tell whether or not there's supposed to be a fan by whether or not there's sticking straight up, or whether they're lying flat on the integument.
So if they're lying flat, that's an indication that there's supposed to be a fan there.

Droege, Sam   53:34
The more common problem is you can't see it because of the way the specimen has been.
You know whether the abdomen is pushed up against the thorax or it's goopy, so sometimes you can't use that character at all.

Gardner, Joel David   53:50
Right.
Yeah, yeah, the the IT definitely helps to have specimens with the abdomen drooping little so that you can see this.

Droege, Sam   53:58
Umm.

Gardner, Joel David   54:00
And yeah, Speaking of Warren fans, UM, there are a couple of species that actually have a fan, but it will be very, very sparse, especially in the West.

Droege, Sam   54:00
So here's.

Gardner, Joel David   54:11
There's a common species and evidence see that has a very sparse fan.
Uh.
Also, hunting Neelum is a redhead species, and that's another one that has a very sparse fan, and it can actually be hard to see, like whether or not they're even is a fan there or not, but you can look at those, those CD and whether or not they're sticking straight up or they're flat down.
And even these species with the sparse fan, the those hairs will be flat.
So that's how you can tell if there's a fan or not.

Droege, Sam   54:47
So this is and I believe some Vera Dotum very open and you can't see the the left hand side.
This is T1.
Here's the base.
Here's the thorax, but you can see that there's a a piece of this oppressed fan on the far side there and the the.
The hairs are prone as we're looking straight down and they're not sticking up.
You know, we're seeing the entire lengths there.

Gardner, Joel David   55:20
Although I should mention that when I say whether or not they're sticking up or flat on the integument, I'm talking about in the middle, so towards the far edges, there's always going to be a few seeds that are sticking straight up.

Droege, Sam   55:35
Yep.

Gardner, Joel David   55:36
But in the middle, they're going to be flat down.

Droege, Sam   55:39
Yeah, usually it's it's a semi circle like this.
He said he.
Would you get this is Chuck.
Could you tell him I'll be ready at 2?
Sorry.

Maffei, Clare J   55:55
You gotta jump it too.
You got a 2 minute warning.

Droege, Sam   55:59
OK.
Well 2 inch.

Maffei, Clare J   56:05
Well.

Gardner, Joel David   56:05
Alright.
And yeah, so this is one of the weird autumn groups species.
So this is one of the ones with an incomplete fan as we call it.
So there's a gap in the middle.

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Gardner, Joel David   56:15
You're basically looking at 1/2 of it in.

Droege, Sam   56:21
Yeah.
And this is the fan is one of mine and I think your guys too favorite characters that tends to be pretty consistent.
So there are evens species.
I thinking of Gotham where this fan is almost entirely complete, but there's a little tiny gap at the the center.
So and other times, you know, this is dense, other times it's light, other times it's more complete and less complete.
No.
So it's another good character to be looking at when you're trying to figure out are these two different things.

Gardner, Joel David   56:51
Yes.
Yes.
Yes, besides whether or not it's complete or incomplete, present or absent is also all sorts of other, more subtle characters you can use on this spans, like the length of the CD.
There's some species that very long CD, so like they're flat down and they're like all overlapping each other and you can't see the integument underneath.
And then there's some other ones that are very, very short CD forming this fan.
So it looks like somebody took a razor and shave that.
I'm so like Canaries in the West is one of those that has that very short CD fan.
And uh then, like the size of it.

Droege, Sam   57:34
Please.

Gardner, Joel David   57:38
So how much area it covers?
Semi serum is a very common uh, like Western Midwest species that has a really huge fan like bigger than any other dialect, yes.

Droege, Sam   57:45
Which I need for those.

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Droege, Sam   57:46
You're right, yeah.
On this, yeah.
Yep.
You are given the time this and this.
This seems like maybe this is a good stopping point.
Do we have more fan discussions to?

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Droege, Sam   58:06
Umm, look at talk about are there people in the audience who have questions?
I'll point out in this picture.

Maffei, Clare J   58:18
Umm, not right now.

Droege, Sam   58:21
Sorry, Claire.
Just one last thing here is a kind of a good shop of this basket here on the femur, this is a pollen collecting species and we'll rotate it in and out.
And so you can see it is plumose but and these aren't like MELISSODES or XML opsis level brushes of hair.
So again, you get into a little bit of subtlety cause the parasitic species still will have some here, but it's just not as extensive.
Again, you we look to just a lot of experience looking at stuff.
So you look through a lot of of specimens and you're scoping out a lot of these different kinds of features and characters.
And overtime you'll start noticing that, oh, this looks like species acts, but it's got more or less hair.
It's got a different fan.
There's subtleties to the pitting, subtleties to the color, the the amount of oppressed hairs on the abdomen, and so forth are different.

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Gardner, Joel David   59:28
Yeah.
So we have a couple of questions.
Ellen uh, I did answer the fan aging question, so the answer to that was that it can rub off.

Droege, Sam   59:31
OK.

Gardner, Joel David   59:42
But you can tell whether or not there's supposed to be a fan by looking at the seedy.
There'll be a couple at least, a couple of them remaining, and whether or not they're straight up or or land down.
Uh.
And then Mike asks if the hair color always matches the other metasoma hairs.

Droege, Sam   1:00:01
Thank you. Wouldn't.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:06
And yes, it does actually basically like the whole body is generally gonna have the same color hairs all over. In dialectics.

Droege, Sam   1:00:10
Interesting.
Which was in water.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:15
Umm, there's kind of subtle variations.
Umm.
Some of them can be yellower whiter, but.

Droege, Sam   1:00:19
Now.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:22
There aren't any dialectician have blaxy that I'm aware of.

Droege, Sam   1:00:26
Projected and we need you.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:28
At least not not in the not up here, not in, not.

Droege, Sam   1:00:30
Very good.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:34
What's your painted up?

Droege, Sam   1:00:34
Takes so.
It's.

Gardner, Joel David   1:00:37
And yeah, they're generally gonna be pretty uniform in color.

Droege, Sam   1:00:40
Yeah, really figured out.
Well.

Maffei, Clare J   1:00:47
Yeah.
Yeah.
You want me to cook Sam? Jinx.

Droege, Sam   1:00:50
Repetition.
Yeah, I was going to say repetition is good.

Maffei, Clare J   1:00:54
You go.

Droege, Sam   1:00:57
So this is great to cover these things and with Joel's perspective.
And so, Claire, are we gonna continue next week?

Maffei, Clare J   1:01:07
If that is all good with you folks and we can pick up at, umm a couple of 6 where we've jumped here.
He's got an email that this is a format that people like walking through each state, so thank you for your patience with that.

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Maffei, Clare J   1:01:28
Yeah, sounds sounds good.
Thank you, gentlemen.

Droege, Sam   1:01:31
OK.

Gardner, Joel David   1:01:32
Yeah, I think I will have my microscope camera working again next week.

Droege, Sam   1:01:33
Alright.

Maffei, Clare J   1:01:37
Wow, that's always great.

Gardner, Joel David   1:01:39
No.

Droege, Sam   1:01:39
How's the flood?
How's the flood in your lab?
Joel Joel told us a couple days ago that he has mopped up a a fairly extensive pool of water in his collection.

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Gardner, Joel David   1:01:54
Yes, indeed, there was a flood yesterday.

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Gardner, Joel David   1:01:57
None of the specimens were damaged, fortunately.

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Gardner, Joel David   1:02:01
Uh, but yes, there was a there was a lot of water on the floor that I had to mop up was a bit worried that there might be more pipes bursting because we don't know what caused it still.
But so far nothings happened.

Droege, Sam   1:02:19
Umm.

Maffei, Clare J   1:02:23
Whilst the bees that matter.

Droege, Sam   1:02:24
Alright.
Yeah, well, good luck.

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Droege, Sam   1:02:28
Good luck with the water.

Maffei, Clare J   1:02:28
Like everyone.

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Maffei, Clare J   1:02:32
Alright, have a great day.

Droege, Sam   1:02:32
All right.
Anything else, Claire?

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Maffei, Clare J   1:02:34
Umm, no.
We have some days off coming up in early February when you're traveling, but I don't think we need to worry about that right now.

Droege, Sam   1:02:43
OK, alright.

Maffei, Clare J   1:02:45
I have a great week folks.
Thank you, Joel.

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Droege, Sam   1:02:48
Thanks.

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Maffei, Clare J stopped transcription